Neanderthal Spear Tip Discovery

  • 06 May 2025

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Ancient bone spear tip found in Russia is oldest in Europe and made by Neanderthals.

What Was Discovered?

  • Oldest known spear tip in Europe, crafted by Neanderthals, not Homo sapiens.
  • Found in a cave in the North Caucasus region, Russia.
  • Dated to 70,000–80,000 years ago, prior to modern human arrival in Europe (~45,000 years ago).
  • Study published in the Journal of Archaeological Science.

Artefact Features

  • Length: ~9 cm
  • Material: Bone (likely from bison)
  • Construction:
    • Shaped using stone tools
    • Attached to a wooden shaft with natural tar (early adhesive use)
  • Function:
    • Micro-cracks indicate impact with a hard target – used in hunting or combat
    • Minimal wear, suggesting it was used shortly after construction

Excavation Details

  • Excavated in 2003, thoroughly analyzed recently.
  • Found with animal bones and campfire remains – evidence of Neanderthal habitation.
  • Analytical techniques used: Spectroscopy, CT scans, Microscopy