In News:

• National Forest Martyrs Day is observed annually on September 11 to pay tribute to forest officials, personnel, and community members who have sacrificed their lives while protecting India’s forests and wildlife.
• The day recognizes the risks undertaken in the line of duty against threats like illegal logging, poaching, encroachment, and forest fires.

Historical Background

• The observance is rooted in the Khejarli Massacre of 1730 in present-day Rajasthan. When Maharaja Abhai Singh of Marwar ordered the felling of Khejri trees for palace construction, the Bishnoi community, led by Amrita Devi Bishnoi, resisted by embracing the trees. In the brutal crackdown, 363 villagers lost their lives to protect their sacred groves.
• This legacy later inspired environmental movements such as the Chipko Movement (1970s), reinforcing India’s tradition of community-led conservation. Recognizing this historic sacrifice, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) officially declared September 11 as National Forest Martyrs Day in 2013.

Significance

• Commemoration of Sacrifice: The day honours not only the Bishnoi martyrs but also countless forest personnel who have died in the line of duty.
• Environmental Awareness: Highlights the critical role of forests in climate regulation, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem services like air and water purification.
• Community Involvement: Encourages local communities to uphold traditions of eco-conscious living.
• Policy Emphasis: Reinforces the need for stronger laws and protection mechanisms for natural resources and frontline forest staff.

Observance

The day is marked through:

• Memorial ceremonies in forest departments.
• Tree plantation drives to promote ecological restoration.
• Awareness campaigns and educational programmes in schools and communities.
• Community participation to spread the message of sustainable living and conservation.