In News:

Union Jal Shakti Minister Shri C.R. Patil recently chaired a crucial meeting focused on the Environmental Flow (E-Flow) of the Ganga River and its tributaries, with particular attention to the Yamuna River. This initiative is a part of the broader effort to ensure the ecological sustainability of India’s river systems.

What is Environmental Flow (E-Flow)?

Environmental Flow refers to the quantity, timing, and quality of water flow necessary to sustain freshwater ecosystems and the livelihoods dependent on them. It ensures that rivers maintain their ecological integrity, supporting aquatic life, estuarine health, and human usage in a sustainable manner.

Why is E-Flow Important?

• Maintains ecological balance in rivers and estuaries.
• Supports aquatic biodiversity, especially key fish species.
• Provides long-term ecological and economic benefits.
• Balances human needs and environmental sustainability, especially in overexploited river basins.

Challenges in Maintaining E-Flow:

• Construction of dams and barrages.
• Pollution and urban encroachments.
• Over-extraction of water for agriculture and industry.

These interventions disrupt natural flow patterns, threatening riverine ecosystems and dependent communities.

Government Initiatives and Studies:

Environmental Flow Notification (2018):

• Introduced by the government to regulate minimum required flows in the Ganga. However, a review of its impact is now being undertaken to determine its effectiveness and the need for improvements.

Recent Meeting Outcomes:

• Emphasis on strengthening the e-flow framework, especially for the Yamuna River, which faces severe pollution and over-extraction issues.
• Need for a robust, inclusive, and scientific approach to water management.

Studies Approved Under National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG):

These studies aim to assess current flow conditions and recommend sustainable flow levels.

Way Forward:

• Expedite assessments under NMCG and ensure multi-stakeholder participation.
• Develop comprehensive water flow strategies for heavily impacted rivers like the Yamuna.
• Strengthen decision-making frameworks to balance ecological and human needs.