In News:

A recent rare case from Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, reported a fetus developing in the liver—a condition termed intrahepatic ectopic pregnancy. This has drawn attention to ectopic pregnancies, a critical medical concern.

What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?

• An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, instead of the uterine lining.
• The fallopian tube is the most common site (called tubal pregnancy).
• Other possible sites include the ovary, abdominal cavity, cervix, or, in extremely rare cases, the liver.

Causes

• Blockage or abnormal movement of the fertilised egg.
• Inflammation or scarring of fallopian tubes.
• Damage from prior surgeries or pelvic infections.
• Congenital irregularities in the structure of the fallopian tubes.

Symptoms

• Early pregnancy-like signs: missed periods, nausea, breast tenderness.
• Progressive symptoms:
  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Abdominal or pelvic pain
  • Back pain, shoulder pain, dizziness
  • Low blood pressure in severe cases.

Risks & Complications

• If untreated, ectopic pregnancy can cause rupture of the fallopian tube, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding.
• It is a medical emergency and a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality.

Treatment

• Methotrexate (a drug that stops cell growth and dissolves existing cells) may be used in some cases.
• Surgical intervention is required in cases of rupture or internal bleeding.