In News:

A recent scientific study has identified a bacterial strain, Labrys portucalensis F11 (commonly referred to as F11), capable of degrading per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) — popularly known as “forever chemicals” — by breaking their strong carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds.

About F11 Bacteria:

• Scientific Name: Labrys portucalensis F11
• Family: Xanthobacteraceae
• Nature: Aerobic and pollutant-resistant bacterium
• Origin: Isolated from industrially contaminated soil in Portugal
• Significance:
  • Adapted to thrive in toxic environments
  • Uses environmental contaminants as an energy source
  • Capable of degrading at least three types of PFAS and certain toxic byproducts

What Are Forever Chemicals (PFAS)?

• Definition: A group of synthetic, man-made chemicals known for their extremely strong C-F bonds, making them persistent and non-biodegradable.
• Why Called 'Forever':
  • Resistant to natural breakdown
  • Found in air, rainwater, and soil for decades or longer
• Health & Environmental Hazards:
  • Linked to cancer, hormonal disorders, immune dysfunction, and environmental toxicity
  • Migrate into soil, water, and air during production and use
• Regulation: Certain PFAS are listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Relevance for India and the World:

• Global Impact:
  • PFAS are used in a wide range of consumer products such as non-stick cookware, firefighting foams, and food packaging.
  • Their persistence poses long-term risks to public health, groundwater contamination, and biodiversity.
• India's Concern:
  • Increasing industrialization and waste mismanagement heighten PFAS exposure risks.
  • No comprehensive PFAS regulation in place yet; calls for adopting stringent environmental safety norms.