In News:

• The Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances (DARPG) has issued the guidelines for the 28th National e-Governance Awards (NAeG) 2025.
• Nominations for the awards can be submitted online via the official portal: www.nceg.gov.in.

Key Highlights:

• Award Categories: Nominations for the awards can be submitted under the following six categories:
  • Government Process Re-engineering: Digital transformation through the use of technology to improve government processes.
  • Innovation by Use of AI and New Age Technologies: Fostering citizen-centric services via artificial intelligence and other modern technologies.
  • Best e-Gov Practices in Cyber Security: Recognizing excellence in e-Governance practices focused on cybersecurity.
  • Grassroot Level Initiatives: Initiatives at the Districts, ULBs (Urban Local Bodies), or Gram Panchayats that deepen service delivery.
  • Replication and Scaling Up of Successful Projects: Projects awarded in the past (such as NAeG or Prime Minister’s Awards) that have been successfully replicated or scaled.
  • Digital Transformation using Data Analytics: Projects that leverage data analytics on digital platforms for enhancing governance.
• Eligibility: The awards are open to Central Ministries/Departments, State Governments, District Collectors, Research Institutions, and other relevant entities.
• Award Details:
  • The NAeG 2025 will feature 16 awards:
    • 10 Gold Awards.
    • 6 Silver Awards.
• Incentives:
  • Gold Award winners will receive a Trophy, Certificate, and an incentive of Rs 10 lakh.
  • Silver Award winners will receive a Trophy, Certificate, and an incentive of Rs 5 lakh.
  • The incentive will be used for further implementation of the awarded projects or bridging resource gaps in public welfare.
• Objective: The goal of the National Awards for e-Governance is to recognize and promote excellence in the implementation of e-Governance initiatives and digital transformation efforts across India.

In News:

On December 20, 2024, Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah attended the 61st Raising Day function of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) in Siliguri, West Bengal. During the event, he e-inaugurated the Integrated Check Point (ICP) Agartala and a newly constructed residential complex for the Border Guard Force (BGF) at Petrapole. The event was attended by several dignitaries, including the Director of Intelligence Bureau (IB), Secretary of Border Management (MHA), and the Director-General of SSB.

Key Highlights from the Speech:

• Tributes to Martyrs: Shri Shah paid tributes to SSB martyrs, highlighting their sacrifices in protecting the country's borders and eliminating Left Wing Extremism in the eastern region. He acknowledged the 4 Padma Shri, 1 Kirti Chakra, and other national awards received by SSB for their exceptional service.
• Role in Connecting Borders: The Home Minister praised SSB’s role in connecting the culture, language, and heritage of border villages with mainstream India. He emphasized that the SSB has fulfilled its motto of "Service, Security, and Brotherhood" while maintaining a strong relationship with Nepal and Bhutan.
• Security and Vigilance: SSB is responsible for securing a 2,450 km border with Nepal and Bhutan. Shri Shah noted that SSB's vigilance has helped in stopping narcotics, arms smuggling, and human trafficking. Additionally, the force has worked to ensure that Bihar and Jharkhand are now Naxal-free.
• Zero-Tolerance Policy: The SSB has a zero-tolerance policy on encroachments, narcotics, and smuggling. Over the last three years, the SSB successfully removed more than 1,100 encroachments from government land and seized significant amounts of narcotics, weapons, and counterfeit currency.
• Impact in Jammu & Kashmir: SSB has played a critical role in combating terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, killing more than 19 terrorists and arresting 14 through various operations.
• Humanitarian Efforts: Besides security, SSB has actively participated in disaster relief operations during floods and landslides, often at great personal risk.
• Government Schemes for CAPF Personnel: Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, various welfare schemes like Ayushman Cards, CAPF e-Housing, and scholarships have been launched to support CAPF personnel and their families.
• Self-Employment Initiatives: SSB has promoted self-employment for border youth, training them in areas like beekeeping, mobile repairing, and driving. They have also contributed significantly to the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, creating awareness about drug addiction among 36,000 youth.
• Environmental Contribution: The force has planted over 6 crore trees as part of its environmental efforts.

In News:

The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (Ind-Aus ECTA) completes two years of remarkable success, driving mutual growth and showcasing the complementarity of both economies.

Key Achievements:

• Bilateral Merchandise Trade Surge:
  • Trade increased from USD 12.2 billion (2020-21) to USD 26 billion (2022-23).
  • Trade moderated slightly in 2023-24 to USD 24 billion, but exports from India to Australia grew by 14%.
  • From April-November 2024, bilateral trade reached USD 16.3 billion.
• Preferential Import Utilization:
  • Export utilization: 79%
  • Import utilization: 84%
• Sectoral Growth:
  • Textiles, chemicals, and agriculture sectors have seen significant growth.
  • New export products: Gold studded with diamonds, turbojets.
  • India’s imports: Metalliferous ores, cotton, wood products that fuel Indian industries.
• Geopolitical Strengthening:
  • Enhanced relations in forums like Quad, Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI).

Key Features of the Agreement:

• Tariff Reductions:
  • Australian goods: 85% tariff-free access to India (rising to 90% by 2026).
  • Indian goods: 96% tariff-free access to Australia (rising to 100% by 2026).
• Access to Key Markets:
  • India: Access to Australia's fast-growing market.
  • Australia: Access to India's labor-intensive sectors like gems, jewelry, textiles, leather, furniture, food, agriculture.
• Services and IT:
  • 135 sub-sectors covered in services.
  • India gains market access in 103 sub-sectors with Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status in 31.
  • Fast-tracked approval of medicines and elimination of double taxation for India's IT sector.
• Job Creation & Skill Exchange:
  • Expected creation of 1 million jobs in India.
  • Opportunities for Indian yoga teachers, chefs, and 100,000 students with post-study work visas.

Future Prospects:

• Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA): Builds on ECTA to advance bilateral trade, with 10 formal rounds and ongoing inter-sessional discussions.
• Trade Target: Aim to reach AUD 100 billion in trade by 2030.
• Global Economic Impact: Strengthening the partnership will contribute to a more resilient and dynamic global economy, with deeper economic integration between India and Australia.

In News:

Indian Army Contingent Departs for 18th Edition of Exercise SURYA KIRAN (India-Nepal Joint Military Exercise).

Key Highlights:

• Event Overview:

• Name: 18th Edition of Battalion-Level Joint Military Exercise SURYA KIRAN.
• Dates: 31st December 2024 to 13th January 2025.
• Location: Saljhandi, Nepal.
• Participants: Indian Army (334 personnel, led by a Battalion from the 11th Gorkha Rifles) and Nepal Army (Srijung Battalion).

• Objective of Exercise:

• Enhance interoperability in jungle warfare, counter-terrorism operations in mountainous terrain, and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) under the UN Charter.
• Focus on operational preparedness, aviation training, medical aspects, and environmental conservation.

• Key Features:

• Training Focus: Improving combat skills and coordination to operate together in challenging situations.
• Exchange of Ideas: Soldiers from both nations will share best practices, enhance mutual understanding of operational procedures.
• Strengthening Bilateral Relations: Reinforces strong bonds of friendship, cultural linkages, and defense cooperation between India and Nepal.

• Significance:

• Historical Context: Exercise held alternately in India and Nepal since 2011.
• Enhances Combat Readiness: Prepares both armies to address shared security challenges and improve operational capabilities.
• Diplomatic Engagement: Fosters a productive professional environment between India and Nepal.

• Recent Developments:

• The exercise follows visits by General Upendra Dwivedi (Indian Army Chief) to Nepal and General Ashok Raj Sigdel (Nepali Army Chief) to India, strengthening military ties.

• Previous Editions:

• 17th Edition: Conducted in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand (24th Nov - 7th Dec 2023).

In News:

Lighthouse tourism in India is rapidly emerging as an exciting and profitable segment of the country's travel and tourism industry. India's coastline, stretching over 7,500 kilometers, is home to 204 lighthouses, many of which are being transformed into vibrant tourist destinations, celebrating both India's rich maritime history and its natural beauty.

Key Highlights:

• Historical and Scenic Appeal: Lighthouses in India are often located in breathtaking coastal or island locations, offering panoramic sea views and access to surrounding natural beauty. Some of these structures are centuries old and are situated near significant cultural landmarks or UNESCO World Heritage Sites, adding cultural depth to the visitor experience.
• Economic Growth: As part of the broader Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 and Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, the Government of India is keen to transform these historic lighthouses into hubs of economic activity. By developing infrastructure, creating new tourism-related jobs, and fostering local entrepreneurship, lighthouse tourism aims to benefit coastal communities and boost India's tourism economy. As of 2023-24, 75 lighthouses across 10 states have been equipped with modern amenities, attracting 16 lakh visitors—a 400% increase from previous years.
• Government Initiatives:
  • Lighthouse Festivals: The annual Indian Lighthouse Festival, inaugurated in 2023, serves as a key event to promote lighthouse tourism and cultural heritage.
    • The 1st Indian Lighthouse Festival, “Bharatiya Prakash Stambh Utsav”, was inaugurated on 23rd September, 2023 by the Union Minister of Ports, Shipping & Waterways, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal and Goa Chief Minister, Shri Pramod Sawant at the historic Fort Aguada in Goa.
    • The 2nd Indian Lighthouse Festival was held in Odisha. Union Minister of Ports, Shipping & Waterways, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, was also joined by Odisha Chief Minister, Mohan Charan Majhi. Shri Sonowal dedicated two new lighthouses at Chaumuck (Balasore) and Dhamra (Bhadrak) and emphasized empowering coastal communities to preserve and promote lighthouses as part of India’s rich maritime heritage.
  • Sagarmala Programme: This government initiative integrates infrastructure development with sustainable practices, ensuring that the growth of lighthouse tourism benefits local communities while preserving the environment.
  • Tourism Infrastructure: The government has invested ?60 crore in enhancing these sites, providing facilities like museums, parks, amphitheaters, and more to enrich the visitor experience.
• Sustainable Development: The Indian government places a strong emphasis on eco-friendly tourism. This includes integrating lighthouses into broader coastal circuits and launching digital awareness campaigns to attract domestic and international tourists.
• Community Empowerment and Employment: Lighthouse tourism has already created direct and indirect employment, from hospitality to transportation, local handicrafts, and artisan work, with more than 500 jobs being generated. Local communities are being trained to offer skills in hospitality and tourism services.

Future Plans:

• Skill Development: Programs are being introduced to equip local people with the necessary skills to cater to the tourism industry.
• Sustainable Practices: Eco-friendly practices will continue to be emphasized to protect coastal ecosystems.
• Integration with Coastal Circuits: Lighthouses will become key points of interest in broader coastal tourism itineraries, further enhancing their appeal to tourists.

In News:

The latest Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) for 2023-24 reveals notable trends in consumption patterns in rural and urban India, reflecting economic shifts post-pandemic.

Key Highlights:

• Food Spending Increase: The share of food expenditure in household budgets has increased both in rural and urban areas, likely due to rising food prices.
  • Rural households allocated 47.04% of their expenditure to food in 2023-24, up from 46.38% in 2022-23.
  • Urban households spent 39.68% of their budgets on food, slightly up from 39.17% last year.
• Narrowing Urban-Rural Gap: The gap in Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) between rural and urban households has steadily reduced over the past decade.
  • In 2023-24, rural consumption spending was 69.7% of urban consumption, an improvement from 71.2% in 2022-23 and 83.9% in 2011-12.
• Increased Rural Spending: Rural India has seen significant increases in spending. The average monthly spending per person in rural areas rose by 9.3% to Rs 4,122 in 2023-24, surpassing the 8.3% rise to Rs 6,996 in urban areas.
  • This suggests a growing momentum in rural consumption, which has outpaced urban consumption growth in the last year.
• Spending Trends Across Income Groups: While the top 5% of both rural and urban populations saw a decrease in their consumption spending, every other income group, including the bottom 5%, registered an increase in spending.
  • The bottom 20% in both rural and urban areas saw the highest growth in expenditure, signaling rising economic activity among lower-income groups.
• Non-Food Expenditure Dominates: Non-food items make up a larger share of household spending, particularly in urban areas, where they account for 60.32% of total expenditure compared to 52.96% in rural areas.
  • In rural India, major non-food expenses include medical, conveyance, and clothing, while urban households allocate more to entertainment, education, and miscellaneous goods.
• Regional Consumption Patterns: Consumption expenditure varied significantly across states, with western and northern states like Maharashtra, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu spending more than the national average.
  • In contrast, eastern and central states, including West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, spent less. Sikkim reported the highest per capita expenditure in both rural (Rs 9,377) and urban (Rs 13,927) areas, while Chhattisgarh recorded the lowest.
• Declining Consumption Inequality: The Gini coefficient, which measures consumption inequality, has declined in both rural and urban areas.
  • This reflects reduced disparity in spending, indicating a trend toward more equitable economic growth across regions.
• Food Expenditure Trends: Food categories like beverages, processed foods, and cereals continued to see rising shares in total expenditure. The rise in spending on food items was particularly notable in rural areas for eggs, fish, and meat.

In News:

On Good Governance Day, commemorating the 100th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Dr. Jitendra Singh, the Union Minister of State for various departments, launched the ‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ initiative. This initiative is part of the broader ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Aur’ campaign, which aims to empower Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) at the grassroots level by enhancing the capacity and competence of elected representatives and officials.

Objective of the ‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ Initiative

The initiative seeks to strengthen PRIs by providing innovative tools and frameworks for capacity building and participatory governance. It will focus on equipping local leaders and officials with the necessary knowledge and tools to make effective decisions and implement sustainable development initiatives. Piloted in Odisha, Assam, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh, it uses e-learning platforms, AI-powered chatbots, and mobile apps to address knowledge gaps and improve service delivery at the local level. This program aligns with the government's mission to decentralize governance and promote citizen-centric and equitable development across rural India.

Other Key Initiatives Launched on Good Governance Day

• iGOT Karmayogi Platform Dashboard: A new dashboard on the iGOT Karmayogi platform, which empowers ministries, departments, and state administrators to monitor progress in capacity-building efforts. The enhanced dashboard includes customizable views, robust data filtering tools, and insights to optimize decision-making, marking the introduction of the 1600th e-learning course. This development is part of the Mission Karmayogi initiative to strengthen the civil service through continuous learning.
• CPGRAMS Annual Report 2024: The CPGRAMS Annual Report provided a review of the Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS). This platform has been instrumental in resolving over 25 lakh grievances annually, leveraging advanced technologies and multilingual support. The report also highlighted the implementation of the Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI), which has improved transparency, accountability, and the efficiency of public service delivery.
• Single Simplified Pension Application Form: A new digital pension system was launched, combining nine separate pension forms into a single, streamlined application. This digital transformation integrates e-HRMS with Bhavishya, reducing processing time and ensuring timely pension disbursement with real-time tracking and Aadhaar-based e-signatures. This system enhances the user experience for pensioners, making the process more efficient and transparent.
• Compendium of Pension Related Instructions 2024: Dr. Singh introduced a comprehensive Compendium of updated rules, procedures, and guidelines related to pensions. This document serves as a reference for pensioners and administrative personnel, ensuring clarity in the pension process and aligning with the government's vision of simplifying and streamlining pension systems.

Good Governance Day 2024 (Sushasan Diwas)

• Observed on: December 25 annually, marking the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924–2018).
• Introduced in 2014: By the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Purpose: To honor Vajpayee's contribution and promote good governance practices in India.
• Objective of Good Governance Day:
  • Promote Government Accountability: Ensuring government actions and services are transparent and citizens benefit equally.
  • Instill Good Governance Values: Encourages civil servants to practice effective and responsible governance.
  • Bridge the Gap: Between citizens and the government through active participation.
• Theme for 2024: "India’s Path to a Viksit Bharat: Empowering Citizens through Good Governance and Digitalisation."

Overview:

The 72nd Plenary of the North Eastern Council (NEC), concluded in Agartala, Tripura, marking the second time the city hosted this significant event since 2008. The plenary featured a series of high-level discussions focused on accelerating development and addressing the socio-economic challenges of the North Eastern Region (NER), which includes Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura.

Key Highlights:

• Pre-Plenary Technical Sessions: Central ministries presented their developmental agendas for the NER, charting a path forward for the region's growth and addressing key challenges.
• Main Plenary:
  • Presiding Officers: The session was chaired by the Union Home Minister and NEC Chairman, Shri Amit Shah, along with DoNER Minister, Shri Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, and Minister of State, Dr. Sukanta Majumdar.
  • Participants: Governors, Chief Ministers, Chief Secretaries, Planning Secretaries, and high-ranking officials from all eight northeastern states will engage in strategic discussions to foster regional development.
• Agartala as Host:
  • Agartala's selection as the venue signifies the evolving role of the city in regional development, as plenary sessions are usually held in Shillong and Guwahati.
• Significance of the NEC:
  • The North Eastern Council (NEC), established in 1971, plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of the region. It was initially an advisory body but has evolved into a regional planning agency with a larger mandate.
  • The NEC has contributed significantly to the development of critical infrastructure in the region, such as over 11,500 kilometers of roads, power generation through NEEPCO, and educational institutions like RIMS.
• Prime Minister's Vision for the NER:
  • The Prime Minister’s vision for the region revolves around recognizing it as 'Ashta Lakshmi'—symbolizing immense potential and cultural richness. The NEC is central to realizing this vision through initiatives like the PM-DevINE scheme.

Key Achievements of the NEC:

• Over 11,500 kilometers of road construction, improving regional connectivity.
• Increased power generation capacity via projects managed by NEEPCO.
• Established institutions like the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) and others that cater to regional educational and technical needs.

Recent Focus and Shift in Governance:

• In the 72nd Plenary, the Union Home Minister highlighted a shift in the focus of police forces in northeastern states, urging them to focus not just on insurgency control but on ensuring the constitutional rights of citizens, reflecting a new governance phase in the region.

In News:

National Farmers' Day, also known as Kisan Diwas, is celebrated annually on December 23rd to honor the vital contributions of Indian farmers and commemorate the birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh, India's fifth Prime Minister. A passionate advocate for rural development and farmers' welfare, Charan Singh's policies laid the foundation for several reforms aimed at uplifting the agrarian economy. His contributions continue to inspire government initiatives that prioritize the welfare of farmers, fostering sustainable agricultural growth and ensuring food security for the nation.

The Legacy of Chaudhary Charan Singh

Chaudhary Charan Singh was born on December 23, 1902, in Noorpur, Uttar Pradesh. His deep understanding of rural issues and commitment to improving farmers’ lives earned him the title of "Kisan Leader". Throughout his political career, he championed reforms such as the Debt Redemption Bill (1939), which alleviated the financial burdens of farmers, and the Land Holding Act (1960), which promoted fair distribution of agricultural land. He also advocated for Minimum Support Price (MSP), and his policies laid the groundwork for NABARD and other farmer-centric institutions.

Significance of Kisan Diwas

Kisan Diwas highlights the importance of agriculture in India’s economy and employment, with farmers constituting nearly 50% of the workforce. The day emphasizes the need for policies that address farmers' challenges such as climate change, financial constraints, and technological adoption. It also serves as a reminder of the necessity to empower farmers through innovative solutions, financial security, and sustainable farming practices.

Key Government Initiatives for Farmer Welfare

The Indian government has launched several schemes to address the challenges faced by farmers and support their socio-economic upliftment:

• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): Provides direct income support to small and marginal farmers.
• Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Offers crop insurance to mitigate financial risks due to crop loss.
• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana (PM-KMY): A pension scheme for farmers to ensure long-term social security.
• Soil Health Card Scheme: Promotes efficient fertilizer use and soil health by providing farmers with personalized soil health reports.
• Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): These entities help farmers collectively access markets, reduce costs, and improve bargaining power.
• Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS): Provides affordable credit to farmers, especially for agriculture-related activities.
• Kisan Credit Card (KCC): Helps farmers access timely credit for agricultural purposes at concessional rates.

Significant Budget Allocations and New Schemes

The government has drastically increased its budget allocation to the agriculture sector. From Rs. 21,933.50 crore in 2013-14, the budget has risen to Rs. 1,22,528.77 crore for 2024-25, underlining the government's commitment to farmer welfare and sustainable agricultural development.

Notable Initiatives:

1. Namo Drone Didi Scheme: This initiative, aimed at empowering Women Self-Help Groups (SHGs), supports the use of drones for agricultural purposes, including fertilizer and pesticide application, with 80% financial assistance.
2. Clean Plant Programme (CPP): Enhances the quality and productivity of horticulture crops by ensuring disease-free planting material.
3. Digital Agriculture Mission: Aims to modernize farming with digital infrastructure, including crop estimation surveys and e-agriculture platforms.
4. National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): Encourages chemical-free, sustainable farming practices.

Farmers' Role in Nation-Building

India’s agricultural sector not only sustains the livelihoods of millions but also contributes significantly to the country's GDP. In FY 2023-24, agriculture contributed 17.7% to the Gross Value Added (GVA). With over 54% of the country's land dedicated to agriculture, farmers are critical to food security and rural development.

In 2023-24, India achieved a record foodgrain production of 332.2 million tonnes, illustrating the resilience of Indian farmers in ensuring food availability despite challenges like climate change.

In News:

The SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0 initiative, launched by the Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI), aims to enhance the competitiveness of the Indian capital goods sector by promoting the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. This initiative is part of the Scheme for Enhancement of Competitiveness in the Indian Capital Goods Sector.

Key Features of SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0 Initiative

• Establishment of Smart Manufacturing Hubs: Under this initiative, four Smart Advanced Manufacturing and Rapid Transformation Hub (SAMARTH) Centres have been set up across India:
  • Centre for Industry 4.0 (C4i4) Lab, Pune
  • IITD-AIA Foundation for Smart Manufacturing, IIT Delhi
  • I-4.0 India @ IISc, Bengaluru
  • Smart Manufacturing Demo & Development Cell, CMTI, Bengaluru
• Cluster Industry 4.0 Experience Centres: In addition to the above centres, 10 cluster Industry 4.0 experience centres have been approved. These will be established under a Hub and Spoke model, managed by the C4i4 Lab in Pune, and spread across India.
• Key Achievements:
  • Model Factories: Development of an Industry 4.0 enabled Model Factory at C4i4, Pune, and a smart production-based factory at CMTI Bengaluru.
  • Industry 4.0 Solutions: More than 50 use-cases for Industry 4.0 solutions were compiled to support implementation.
  • Maturity Assessment Tool: Creation of the Industry 4.0 Maturity Model (I4MM), specifically designed to assess the readiness of Indian manufacturing companies for Industry 4.0.
  • Online Assessment Tool: Launch of a free online assessment tool by C4i4 Lab, Pune, to help MSMEs evaluate their maturity in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies.
• Training and Awareness:
  • Workshops and Seminars: Regular awareness seminars, workshops, and knowledge-sharing events are organized to educate industries about Industry 4.0.
  • Workforce Training: The SAMARTH Centres have trained over 5000 professionals on smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 technologies.
  • Consultancy Services: The centres offer consultancy in areas such as IoT hardware, software development, and data analytics, along with incubation support for start-ups and MSMEs.
• Impact on MSMEs:
  • Digital Maturity Assessments: Over 100 digital maturity assessments have been completed for the auto industry, and more than 500 improvement initiatives have been identified.
  • Training and Capacity Building: Over 500 digital champions have been trained on Industry 4.0 technologies.
• Focus on MSMEs: While no direct financial assistance is provided to industries, including MSMEs, under this initiative, the SAMARTH Centres play a key role in helping them adopt Industry 4.0 technologies and build their capabilities.

Key Takeaways:

• The SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0 initiative seeks to increase the global competitiveness of India's capital goods and manufacturing sectors.
• It leverages Industry 4.0 technologies such as IoT, automation, data analytics, and AI to modernize manufacturing processes.
• The initiative involves setting up 4 major Smart Manufacturing Hubs and 10 regional experience centres across the country to facilitate awareness, training, and adoption of Industry 4.0 among manufacturers, especially MSMEs.
• While it does not provide financial aid, it helps industries improve their digital maturity, trains workforce, and guides them through consultancy and workshops.

Recently, the Union Minister Shri Bhupender Yadav inaugurated two groundbreaking facilities at the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun: the Advanced Facility for Pashmina Certification and the Next Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS) Facility. These facilities are designed to enhance India’s capabilities in wildlife conservation and support the growth of traditional crafts like Pashmina weaving.

Key Highlights

Next Generation DNA Sequencing Facility (NGS)

The NGS facility is a cutting-edge research tool that enables the high-throughput analysis of entire genomes. This technology is pivotal in studying wildlife genetics and biodiversity by decoding millions of DNA sequences at once.

Applications in Wildlife Conservation:

• Genetic Diversity and Health: NGS helps assess the genetic diversity of species and their population health.
• Evolutionary Relationships: It aids in understanding the evolutionary history and unique adaptations of species.
• Disease Surveillance: The technology supports studying pathogen-host interactions and monitoring diseases affecting wildlife.
• Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade: NGS can help detect illegal wildlife trade and the movement of endangered species.
• Impact of Climate Change: It is crucial for studying how climate change affects genetic diversity and species survival.

This facility positions WII as a leading hub for molecular research, enabling more precise conservation efforts and studies on endangered species like tigers, elephants, and riverine dolphins.

Advanced Facility for Pashmina Certification

Launched under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model between WII and the Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH), the Pashmina Certification Centre (PCC) has been significantly upgraded. The facility now includes a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for advanced wool testing and certification.

Key Features of the Upgraded Facility:

• Fiber Analysis: The SEM-EDS technology ensures accurate identification and certification of Pashmina fibers, free from any prohibited materials.
• Unique ID and E-certificates: Each certified product is tagged with a unique ID and e-certificate, enhancing traceability and authenticity.
• Global Trade Facilitation: The certification process eliminates delays at exit points, ensuring smoother international trade for certified Pashmina products.

The PCC has already certified over 15,000 Pashmina shawls and plays a crucial role in supporting the livelihoods of artisans and weavers in Jammu & Kashmir. By ensuring the authenticity of Pashmina, the facility also helps combat the illegal trade of Shahtoosh wool, which is harmful to the Tibetan antelope (Chiru).

Significance for Artisans and Conservation:

• Support for Artisans: The upgraded facility helps increase the credibility of Pashmina products in global markets, benefiting local artisans and weavers.
• Conservation Impact: By certifying genuine Pashmina products, the initiative indirectly contributes to the conservation of the Tibetan antelope by reducing illegal poaching and trade.
• Sustainability: The PCC is a self-sustaining model that not only supports conservation but also generates revenue and creates job opportunities.

Overview of the Genome India Project

The Genome India Project is a gene mapping initiative launched by the Department of Biotechnology, aiming to create a comprehensive database of genetic variations across the Indian population. The project focuses on understanding genetic diversity and its implications for health, agriculture, and biodiversity conservation in India.

Goals:

• Comprehensive Gene Mapping: The project seeks to map the genetic variations found within India’s diverse population, enabling better healthcare and disease management.
• Conservation and Biodiversity: Insights from the project will also aid in wildlife conservation by understanding the genetic health of endangered species and their ability to adapt to environmental changes.

This initiative is aligned with India’s broader goals of using advanced technologies to address modern conservation challenges and foster a sustainable future.

In News:

The India State of Forest Report 2023 (ISFR 2023) was released by the Union Minister for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change at the Forest Research Institute in Dehradun. This biennial report, published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI), assesses the forest and tree resources of the country based on satellite data and field-based inventories. The ISFR 2023 is the 18th edition of this report, with the first published in 1987.

Key Findings

• Total Forest and Tree Cover:
  • Area: 827,357 sq km (25.17% of India's geographical area)
  • Breakdown:
    • Forest cover: 715,343 sq km (21.76%)
    • Tree cover: 112,014 sq km (3.41%)
  • Increase from 2021: An increase of 1,445 sq km, including:
    • Forest cover: +156 sq km
    • Tree cover: +1,289 sq km
• State-wise Forest and Tree Cover:
  • Top 3 States by Total Forest and Tree Cover Area:
    • Madhya Pradesh (85,724 sq km)
    • Arunachal Pradesh (67,083 sq km)
    • Maharashtra (65,383 sq km)
  • Top 3 States by Forest Cover:
    • Madhya Pradesh (77,073 sq km)
    • Arunachal Pradesh (65,882 sq km)
    • Chhattisgarh (55,812 sq km)
  • States with Maximum Increase in Forest and Tree Cover:
    • Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan
    • Mizoram, Gujarat, and Odisha showed the most significant increase in forest cover.
• Forest Cover Percentage (as a proportion of total geographical area):
  • Lakshadweep: 91.33% (Highest)
  • Mizoram: 85.34%
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 81.62%
  • 19 States/UTs have over 33% forest cover, with 8 states having more than 75%.
• Mangrove Cover:
  • Total Mangrove Cover: 4,992 sq km (a decrease of 7.43 sq km from 2021).
  • Notable Changes: Gujarat saw the largest loss of mangroves, whereas Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra reported increases.
• Carbon Stock and Climate Targets:
  • Total Carbon Stock: 7,285.5 million tonnes (an increase of 81.5 million tonnes from the previous assessment).
  • Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC):
    • India’s carbon stock has reached 30.43 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
    • Achieved an additional 2.29 billion tonnes of carbon sink compared to the 2005 baseline, towards the 2030 target of 2.5-3.0 billion tonnes.
• Bamboo and Timber Production:
  • Bamboo Bearing Area: Estimated at 154,670 sq km, an increase of 5,227 sq km since 2021.
  • Timber Potential: Estimated annual potential production of 91.51 million cubic meters from trees outside forests.

Achievements:

• There has been a notable increase in the forest and tree cover, particularly in states like Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan.
• The carbon stock in forests has increased, helping India make significant progress in its climate change mitigation goals.
• The bamboo bearing area has also expanded, promoting biodiversity and economic benefits through bamboo cultivation.

Concerns:

• Mangrove Loss: Gujarat experienced a notable decrease in mangrove area, highlighting the need for focused conservation efforts in coastal regions.

Forest Survey of India (FSI) Overview

• Established: 1981, under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
• Mission: To assess, monitor, and research forest resources across India, providing data for sustainable management, national planning, and conservation.
• Headquarters: Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

On December 20, 2024, the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $350 million policy-based loan aimed at expanding India's manufacturing sector and improving the resilience of its supply chains. This loan is part of the Strengthening Multimodal and Integrated Logistics Ecosystem (SMILE) program.

Key Points:

• Loan Agreement Signatories:
  • Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance, Government of India
  • Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry
  • Asian Development Bank (ADB)
• SMILE Program:
  • Goal: Strengthen the logistics ecosystem to enhance India's manufacturing sector and improve supply chain resilience.
  • Structure: The program includes two subprograms focusing on strategic reforms in logistics and infrastructure development.
• Key Features of the SMILE Program:
  • Strengthening Multimodal Infrastructure: Enhances logistics infrastructure at the national, state, and city levels.
  • Standardization: Improves warehousing and other logistics assets to attract private sector investment.
  • External Trade Logistics: Enhances efficiencies in external trade logistics.
  • Smart Systems: Adopts systems for efficient, low-emission logistics to promote sustainability.
• Expected Outcomes:
  • Cost Reduction & Efficiency: Strategic reforms will reduce logistics costs and improve efficiency.
  • Job Creation: Infrastructure development and reforms are expected to generate substantial employment opportunities.
  • Gender Inclusion: The program promotes gender inclusion through economic growth initiatives.
• Impact on India’s Economy:
  • The transformation of India’s logistics sector will enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector and drive sustainable economic growth.

About the Asian Development Bank (ADB):

• Headquarters: Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines.
• Established: December 19, 1966.
• Members: 69 countries, including both regional (e.g., India, China) and non-regional (e.g., USA, Japan) members.
• Function: ADB promotes social and economic development in Asia and the Pacific, providing loans, grants, and technical assistance for development projects.
• Key Shareholders:
  • Japan: 15.57%
  • USA: 15.57%
  • India: 6.32%
  • China: 6.43%
  • Australia: 5.77%

In News:

India conducts the first-ever satellite tagging of the Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) in Assam, a key step in wildlife conservation.

Key Highlights:

Objective of Tagging: The tagging aims to understand:

• Migratory patterns
• Range and distribution
• Habitat utilization, especially in fragmented river systems.

Key Participants:

• Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
• Wildlife Institute of India (WII)
• Assam Forest Department
• Aaranyak (NGO)
• Funded by the National CAMPA Authority.

Significance of the Tagging:

• Technology Used: Lightweight satellite tags compatible with Argos systems were employed, minimizing interference with the dolphin’s movement despite its limited surfacing time (5-30 seconds).
• Insight into Dolphin Ecology: Helps fill knowledge gaps regarding habitat needs and seasonal migration, especially in disturbed river ecosystems.

Ganges River Dolphin – India's National Aquatic Animal:

• Endemic to India with around 90% of the population in India.
• Known for being nearly blind and using echolocation for navigation and hunting.
• Plays a crucial role as an apex predator and indicator species for river ecosystem health.

Project Dolphin:

• Launched by PM Narendra Modi in 2020, modeled after Project Tiger.
• Focuses on conservation of riverine and marine dolphins.
• A 10-year initiative funded by MoEFCC to safeguard dolphin populations and address ecosystem challenges.

Conservation Status:

• IUCN: Endangered.
• Protection: Included in Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act (1972) and CITES Appendix I.
• Major Threats: Habitat degradation, pollution, bycatch, and water abstraction, compounded by damming and sand mining.

Broader Impact:

• The tagging initiative contributes to evidence-based conservation strategies for Ganges River Dolphins.
• Will aid in the development of a comprehensive conservation action plan for the species.
• Expands the understanding of critical habitats within river ecosystems, benefiting both biodiversity and the communities dependent on these resources.

In News:

The Central Zoo Authority, under the aegis of the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has taken up the development of the ‘National Wildlife Health Policy in consultative workshop held in Indira Prayavaran Bhawan, New Delhi.

Key Highlights:

• Organized by: Central Zoo Authority (CZA), under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
• Event: Consultative workshop held at Indira Prayavaran Bhawan, New Delhi, on the development of the National Wildlife Health Policy (NWHP).
• Purpose: To address health threats to wildlife and integrate wildlife health management with public and animal health.

Goals of the National Wildlife Health Policy (NWHP):

• One Health Approach: Integrates human, animal, and environmental health, recognizing their interdependence.
• Focus Areas:
  • Prevent and control zoonotic diseases.
  • Improve disease surveillance and early detection, especially in protected areas.
  • Promote biosecurity measures and epidemic preparedness.
  • Enhance research and development in wildlife health management.
  • Advocate for community awareness on wildlife health and conservation.

Key Features of the Policy:

• Wildlife Health Management Unit (WHMU): Proposed unit to oversee the policy's implementation.
• Collaboration: Involves coordination with various stakeholders including government ministries, NGOs, academic institutions, and veterinary universities.
• Disease Surveillance: Establish protocols for monitoring and controlling wildlife diseases, especially in protected areas.
• Capacity Building: Training programs for professionals involved in wildlife conservation and health management.
• Biosecurity Protocols: Strengthen measures to reduce disease transmission risks.

Supporting Institutions:

• GISE Hub, IIT Bombay and Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India are providing support in policy development.

Challenges Addressed:

• Wildlife in India faces various health challenges including:
  • Infectious diseases (e.g., Canine Distemper Virus).
  • Habitat loss and climate change impacts.
  • Illegal wildlife trade and other anthropogenic pressures.
• India has over 91,000 wildlife species and more than 1,000 protected areas, making comprehensive health management crucial.

Expected Outcomes:

• Comprehensive Framework: A science-based framework for wildlife health, integrating ecological, human, and animal health.
• Disease Outbreak Response: Structured mechanisms for disease management, surveillance, and legal frameworks.
• Public Health Integration: Safeguard wildlife health, which directly impacts balanced ecosystems and biodiversity.

Policy’s Strategic Alignment:

• National Wildlife Action Plan (2017-31): The policy complements the action plan’s 103 conservation actions and 250 projects, including disease surveillance protocols in tiger reserves and other protected areas.
• Research & Development: Encourages the development of strategies to manage wildlife health and prevent disease outbreaks.

In News:

The government has recently taken steps to implement "One Nation, One Election" by presenting two Constitution Amendment Bills in the Lok Sabha: the One Nation One Election – The Constitution 129th Amendment Bill 2024 and the Union Territories Laws Amendment Bill 2024.

Introduction to the Concept:

• Objective: Proposes synchronizing elections for Lok Sabha (national) and State Legislative Assemblies to be held on the same day.
• Purpose: Aims to reduce costs, minimize logistical challenges, and address governance disruptions caused by frequent elections.
• 2024 Report: The High-Level Committee Report on Simultaneous Elections, released in December 2024, outlines a roadmap for implementing this reform.

Historical Background:

• Previous Practice: From 1951 to 1967, Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections were conducted together.
• Disruptions: The practice was interrupted due to premature dissolutions and emergencies, leading to staggered elections across India.

High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections:

• Committee Formation: Headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind, formed on 2nd September 2023.
• Public Response: Over 21,500 responses, with 80% in favor.
• Political Party Responses: 32 political parties supported the idea, while 15 raised concerns about regional party marginalization.
• Expert Consultations: Majority of experts supported the reform, emphasizing resource optimization and reduced disruptions.

Committee Recommendations:

• Constitutional Amendments: Proposals to amend Articles 82A and 324A to enable simultaneous elections.
• Two-Phase Implementation:
  • Phase 1: Synchronize elections for Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
  • Phase 2: Include Municipalities and Panchayats within 100 days.
• Single Electoral Roll: Creation of a unified electoral roll and EPIC for all levels of elections, reducing duplication and errors.

Rationale for Simultaneous Elections:

• Governance Consistency: Reduces focus on election preparation, allowing more attention to developmental work.
• Prevents Policy Paralysis: Mitigates disruptions caused by the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) during frequent elections.
• Resource Optimization: Reduces the need for personnel and resources for election duties, allowing better allocation to governance tasks.
• Preserves Regional Party Relevance: Local issues remain prioritized, ensuring regional parties' concerns are heard.
• Equitable Political Opportunities: Encourages diversification and inclusivity within political parties.
• Financial Benefits: Reduces the financial burden of conducting multiple elections, enhancing economic efficiency.

Conclusion:

• The concept of "One Nation, One Election" is a significant reform aimed at streamlining India's electoral processes. With broad public and political support, it promises improved governance, cost savings, and better resource management in the future.

In News:

The Credit Guarantee Scheme for e-NWR based Pledge Financing (CGS-NPF), launched by Union Minister Pralhad Joshi aims to support farmers by facilitating post-harvest finance using electronic negotiable warehouse receipts (e-NWRs). This initiative is part of the government’s efforts to minimize distress selling and ensure financial security for farmers, particularly small and marginalized ones.

Key Features of the Scheme:

• Total Corpus: ?1,000 crore for post-harvest finance.
• Loan Coverage:
  • Agricultural purposes: Loans up to ?75 lakh.
  • Non-agricultural purposes: Loans up to ?200 lakh.
• Eligible Borrowers: Small and marginal farmers, women, SC/ST/PwD farmers, MSMEs, traders, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and farmer cooperatives.
• Eligible Institutions: All scheduled and cooperative banks.
• Guarantee Coverage:
  • Small and marginal farmers/Women/SC/ST/PwD: 85% for loans up to ?3 lakh, and 80% for loans between ?3 lakh to ?75 lakh.
  • Other borrowers: 75% coverage for loans up to ?200 lakh.
• Risks Covered: Both credit risk and warehouseman risk.
• Guarantee Fees: 0.4% per annum for farmers, and 1% per annum for non-farmers.

Objectives:

• Minimize distress selling: By providing easy access to loans post-harvest, the scheme helps farmers avoid selling produce at low prices due to cash crunches.
• Instill confidence in banks: The scheme provides a guarantee cover to lenders, encouraging them to offer loans against e-NWRs.
• Encourage warehouse registration: The scheme emphasizes the need for more warehouses, particularly those closer to farmland, to improve accessibility for farmers.

About e-NWRs:

• e-NWRs are digital versions of traditional warehouse receipts that enable farmers to pledge stored commodities as collateral for loans.
• These receipts are governed by the Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act of 2007, and since 2017, e-NWRs have been mandated for use in transactions related to agricultural produce stored in WDRA-accredited warehouses.

Expected Impact:

• This scheme is expected to boost post-harvest lending, with a target of increasing lending to ?5.5 lakh crore in the next decade.
• It will improve farmers’ income, reduce dependence on informal credit sources, and foster better financial inclusion.
• Additionally, it will create a more reliable supply chain for agricultural produce, enhancing food security.

Future Targets:

• Increase the number of registered warehouses under the WDRA to 40,000 in the next 1–2 years.
• Use platforms like e-Kisan Upaj Nidhi to streamline the lending process and avoid repeated visits to banks.

In News:

On December 16, 2024, India commemorated Vijay Diwas, marking the 53rd anniversary of its victory in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. This day honors the bravery and sacrifices of Indian soldiers and the Mukti Bahini, whose collective efforts led to the creation of Bangladesh as an independent nation. On this occasion, leaders across India, paid heartfelt tributes to the fallen heroes who contributed to the victory, and to the enduring India-Bangladesh friendship.

The 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War culminated in the surrender of over 90,000 Pakistani soldiers, and India’s victory is celebrated as a defining moment in South Asian history.

The War’s Historical Context:

The 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War was a pivotal conflict between East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (now Pakistan), leading to Bangladesh’s independence. It was a direct result of decades of social, political, and economic discrimination faced by East Pakistan, despite its larger population and contribution to Pakistan’s economy. Major events leading to the war included:

• Cultural and linguistic marginalization, with East Pakistan's Bengali language and identity being suppressed by the West.
• The 1970 elections that saw the Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, win a decisive victory in East Pakistan, but their demand for greater autonomy was rejected by West Pakistan.
• The violent crackdown by the Pakistani military in Operation Searchlight in March 1971, leading to widespread atrocities and a mass exodus of refugees into India.

India’s Role in the War:

India’s involvement in the conflict was initially cautious, but the refugee crisis—with over 10 million people fleeing to India—forced India to take action. India provided humanitarian aid and supported the Mukti Bahini, a guerrilla force of Bangladeshi fighters. On December 3, 1971, Pakistan’s preemptive airstrike on Indian military bases led to India's retaliation and full-scale military involvement, including air and naval operations.

India’s military, with assistance from the Mukti Bahini, launched a decisive campaign, ultimately leading to Pakistan’s surrender on December 16, 1971, and the creation of Bangladesh.

Vijay Diwas Observances:

• The 53rd Vijay Diwas celebrations at Fort William, Kolkata, saw a Bangladeshi delegation—including Mukti Joddhas (freedom fighters)—reflect on their memories of the war, highlighting India's crucial role in the liberation of Bangladesh.
• The event also featured a wreath-laying ceremony, military tattoo, and a salute to the shared sacrifice and friendship between India and Bangladesh.

The 1971 Surrender Painting and New Symbolism:

In an interesting development, the iconic 1971 surrender painting, depicting the surrender of Pakistani forces in Dhaka, was moved from the Army Chief’s lounge to the Manekshaw Centre. The painting was replaced by Karam Kshetra–Field of Deeds, a new artwork symbolizing India’s strategic and cultural heritage. This new piece incorporates elements like Lord Krishna’s chariot, Chanakya, and modern military assets, reflecting India’s military prowess and heritage.

In News:

Recently, the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $98 million loan agreement to enhance horticulture crop productivity by improving plant health management. This initiative is part of India’s Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (CPP), aiming to provide farmers with access to certified disease-free planting materials to improve yields, quality, and resilience, particularly against climate change impacts.

Key Highlights of the Loan Agreement

• Objective: Improve access to certified, disease-free planting materials for horticulture crops.
• Implementation: The project will be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare through the National Horticulture Board (NHB) and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
• Focus: The initiative will enhance farmers’ productivity, resilience to climate change, and pest/disease management through the Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (CPP).

About the Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (CPP)

The Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme aims to tackle critical challenges in horticulture by ensuring farmers have access to high-quality, virus-free planting materials. The program is designed to:

• Enhance crop yields and quality.
• Promote climate-resilient varieties to help farmers adapt to rising temperatures and extreme weather events.
• Safeguard the environment by controlling plant diseases and pests proactively.

Key Components of the CPP

• Clean Plant Centers (CPCs): Establishment of nine world-class CPCs across India, equipped with advanced diagnostic labs and tissue culture facilities to maintain disease-free foundation planting materials.
• Certification Framework: A robust certification system will be introduced to ensure accountability in planting material production, including accreditation for private nurseries.
• Climate Resilience: Focus on developing and disseminating climate-resilient plant varieties, addressing the growing concerns over extreme weather events and changing pest behavior due to climate change.

Significance of the Loan Agreement

• Climate Adaptation: The project will help farmers mitigate the effects of climate change, including unpredictable weather patterns and altered pest/disease behaviors.
• Economic Impact: The initiative aligns with India's vision of self-reliance in horticulture (Atmanirbhar Bharat), boosting agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Long-term Benefits: Improved farm productivity, sustainability, and economic well-being for farmers, especially in the face of climate change.

Global Horticulture Significance

• India’s Position: India is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally, contributing 33% to the agricultural GDP.
• Land Coverage: Horticulture occupies 18% of India’s agricultural land, yet its production surpasses that of food grains.

Implementation and Impact

• Implementation Period: The project will be executed from 2024 to 2030, with 50% financial assistance from ADB.
• Institutional Strengthening: The initiative will bolster India’s ability to manage plant health, integrating advanced diagnostic techniques and capacity-building for horticulture professionals.

In News:

The 1st India Maritime Heritage Conclave (IMHC 2024), a landmark event organized by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) was recently held.

Key Highlights:

Event Overview:

• Organized by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW), held on December 11-12, 2024.
• Theme: "Towards Understanding India's Position in Global Maritime History."
• Celebrated India’s maritime legacy and future vision as a maritime powerhouse.

India’s Maritime Heritage:

• Deeply rooted in ancient traditions; references in Rig Veda, mythology, literature, and archaeology.
• Modern India boasts a 7,500 km coastline, 13 major ports, 200 non-major ports, handling 95% of trade by volume and 70% by value.
• Ports handle 1,200 million tonnes of cargo annually, vital for economic growth.

Key Features of IMHC 2024:

• International Participation: Dignitaries from 11 countries, including Greece, Italy, UK.
• Exhibition: Showcased ancient shipbuilding techniques, navigation systems, historical trade routes.
• Cultural Program: Celebrated coastal traditions with performances and festivities.
• Key Focus: Sustainable maritime innovation, skill development, youth engagement, and cultural preservation.

National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC):

• Location: Lothal, Gujarat – an ancient Harappan site (2600 BCE).
• Significance: Home to the world’s oldest dry-dock (2400 BCE).
• Future Vision: NMHC to showcase maritime history with 14 galleries, open aquatic gallery, lighthouses, and a research institute.

Modern Maritime Significance:

• India’s Global Maritime Ranking: 16th largest globally, 3rd largest in ship recycling.
• Trade Backbone: 95% of India's trade by volume, 70% by value handled by maritime sector.
• Port Performance: India ranks 22nd in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (2023).

Future Maritime Vision:

• Sustainable Blue Economy: Emphasis on eco-friendly practices, green shipping, and maritime tourism.
• Skill Development: Training programs to empower local communities and boost maritime workforce.
• Infrastructure Development: Upgrading ports and shipping infrastructure under the Sagar Mala Program.
• Policy Framework: Integrated policies for maritime heritage preservation and economic development.

Notable Initiatives:

• Maritime India Vision 2030: Focus on increasing maritime capacity and sustainability.
• SAGAR: Security and Growth for All in the Region initiative.
• Ship Repair & Recycling Mission: Promote India as a global leader in ship recycling.
• Green Hydrogen Hubs: Development of eco-friendly maritime infrastructure.

In News:

Govt Unveils ‘Jalvahak’ To Boost Inland Waterways, Cargo Movement Incentivised on NW1, NW2 & NW16

Key Highlights:

• Launch of 'Jalvahak' Scheme:
  • Launched by: Union Minister for Ports, Shipping & Waterways, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, on December 15, 2024.
  • Objective: The scheme aims to promote the use of inland waterways for long-haul cargo transportation, reduce logistics costs, and alleviate congestion in road and rail networks.
• Targeted Waterways:
  • The scheme focuses on three major National Waterways (NWs):
    • NW 1: River Ganga
    • NW 2: River Brahmaputra
    • NW 16: River Barak
• Incentives:
  • The scheme offers up to 35% reimbursement on operating expenses for cargo transported over 300 km via these waterways, particularly using the Indo-Bangladesh Protocol Route (IBPR).
  • Encouraging Private Operators: The scheme also incentivizes the hiring of vessels owned by private operators to promote competition and efficiency.
• Scheduled Cargo Service:
  • Service Launch: Fixed, scheduled cargo vessel services have been introduced, running between key locations:
    • Kolkata - Patna - Varanasi - Patna - Kolkata (for NW 1)
    • Kolkata - Pandu (Guwahati) (for NW 2 via IBPR)
  • Transit Times: Predefined and fixed for efficiency:
    • Kolkata to Patna: 7 days
    • Patna to Varanasi: 5 days
    • Kolkata to Varanasi: 14 days
    • Kolkata to Pandu: 18 days
    • Pandu to Kolkata: 15 days
• Economic and Environmental Impact:
  • Cargo Shift Target: The initiative aims to shift 800 million tonne-kilometres of cargo by 2027.
  • Growth Projections:
    • 200 million tonnes of cargo by 2030.
    • 500 million tonnes by 2047, supporting the Blue Economy and Atma Nirbhar Bharat initiatives.
  • The move to waterways aims to reduce the pressure on India's roads and rail systems, contributing to a more sustainable and cost-effective logistics system.
• Strategic Goals:
  • Modal Shift: The scheme seeks to achieve a shift of 800 million tonne-kilometres by 2027 with an investment of ?95.4 crores.
  • Sustainability: Inland waterways are considered an environmentally friendly, efficient, and low-cost transportation mode, with a focus on sustainability.
  • Logistics Optimization: This initiative is expected to help optimize supply chains for major shipping companies, freight forwarders, and trade bodies involved in bulk and containerized cargo.
• Implementation Agencies:
  • Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI): The main body responsible for the development and regulation of inland waterways.
  • Inland & Coastal Shipping Limited (ICSL): A subsidiary of the Shipping Corporation of India, responsible for the operation of vessels.
• Broader Impact:
  • Economic Growth: The scheme is expected to foster economic growth by improving logistics efficiency.
  • Decongestion: The initiative aims to decongest the road and rail transport systems, facilitating smoother movement of cargo.
  • Regional Connectivity: Enhances connectivity, particularly in eastern India, benefiting areas along the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak rivers.
• About the National Waterways:
  • India has 14,500 km of navigable inland waterways, which include rivers, canals, and backwaters. These waterways are significantly under-utilized compared to other countries.
  • The National Waterways Act, 2016 declared 111 waterways (including both existing and newly identified ones) for navigation.
• The Jalvahak scheme is part of India's broader strategy to unlock the potential of its inland waterways, offering an efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative for cargo transport.

In News:

With an aim to enhance road safety and strengthen highway patrolling, NHAI plans to implement the upgraded and forward-looking Incident Management Services. The guidelines on the subject include updated specifications for new Route Patrolling Vehicles (RPVs) named ‘Rajmarg Saathi’ and outlines design, functions, technology, components and manpower specifications for the RPVs.

Key Highlights:

Launch of Rajmarg Saathi:

• Initiative by: National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).
• Objective: Enhance highway safety, emergency response, and road maintenance efficiency across India.
• Launched in: December 2024.

What is Rajmarg Saathi?

• Definition: An upgraded version of Route Patrolling Vehicles (RPVs), designed for effective highway patrolling and incident management.
• Main Aim: Improve highway safety and ensure smooth traffic flow through advanced technology and quick emergency responses.

Key Features:

• Advanced Design:
  • Closed Cabinets: For organized storage and easy access to emergency tools and inventory, replacing earlier models with open storage space.
• AI-Powered Technology:
  • Dashboard Cameras: Equipped with AI-enabled cameras to capture and analyze road conditions like cracks, potholes, and other distresses.
  • Road Monitoring: The system also monitors vehicles, pedestrians, road signs, and other infrastructure elements.
  • Integration with NHAI One: Data collected by AI systems is integrated into NHAI’s centralized application for efficient road maintenance.
• Emergency Preparedness: The RPVs are fully equipped with modern communication and safety tools, designed to minimize traffic disruptions during emergencies.

Data Collection and Maintenance:

• Weekly Analytics: The system will collect and analyze road condition data weekly to streamline maintenance activities and monitor highway safety.

Vehicle Usage and Replacement:

• Replacement Guidelines: RPVs will be replaced after 3 years of operation or 3,00,000 km to ensure they remain functional and service-ready.

Visibility and Branding:

• External Branding: RPVs are designed to be highly visible with enhanced branding for easy recognition as highway patrol vehicles.
• Uniform for Personnel: The patrolling personnel will wear updated uniforms, including bright blue colors and reflective jackets with authority logos for better identification.

Role in Incident Management:

• RPVs will play a crucial role in managing traffic incidents, ensuring smooth traffic flow, and enhancing road safety by addressing emergencies quickly.

Commitment to Road Safety:

• NHAI remains committed to improving road safety standards and ensuring a smooth, hassle-free travel experience for all users across the national highway network.

About NHAI:

• Establishment: NHAI was established under the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988, and became operational in 1995.
• Responsibilities: It is responsible for developing, maintaining, and managing national highways in India.
• Objectives:
  • Promote transparency in awarding contracts.
  • Maintain high standards of project implementation.
  • Ensure comfort and convenience for users of the national highway system.

India's Road Network:

• Size: India has the 2nd-largest road network in the world, spanning approximately 63.32 lakh km, which includes national highways, expressways, state highways, and rural roads.

In News:

The 3-day stocktake meeting took place in New Delhi, marking a significant step in strengthening the India-Australia trade and strategic partnership.

Key Highlights:

• Key Discussion Areas:
  • Trade in goods and services.
  • Mobility, agri-tech cooperation, and market access.
  • Focus on ensuring the CECA delivers balanced benefits for both nations.
  • Food security concerns and market access modalities aligned with India’s goals.
• Background on Negotiations:
  • The discussions in New Delhi were a continuation of the 10th round of negotiations held in Sydney (August 2024).
  • Both sides aimed to outline a path forward for the early conclusion of the CECA.
• Importance of CECA:
  • CECA is a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) aimed at eliminating tariffs and liberalizing services sectors to enhance business opportunities and cooperation.
  • It addresses five key areas: Goods, Services, Digital trade, Government procurement & **Rules of Origin/Product Specific Rules
  • New areas under discussion include: Competition policy, MSMEs, Gender, Innovation, Agri-tech, Critical minerals & Sports
• Historical Context:
  • CECA negotiations began in May 2011, were suspended in 2016, and resumed in September 2021.
  • The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) was signed in 2022, serving as a foundational agreement and a precursor to CECA.
• Trade Statistics (2023-24):
  • India's imports from Australia: $16.2 billion.
  • India's exports to Australia: $8 billion.
  • Trade has grown significantly, with India being Australia’s 5th-largest trading partner.
• Regional Cooperation Initiatives:
  • India and Australia are partners in several regional initiatives:
    • Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF)
    • Trilateral Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI) with Japan.
• India's CECA with Other Countries:
  • India has similar CECA agreements with several nations, including: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand & New Zealand
• Future Prospects:
  • The stocktake discussions have paved the way for further cooperation in areas such as agricultural innovation, market access, and supply chain resilience.
  • Both nations are optimistic about the early conclusion of the CECA and the broader economic partnership.

This recent stocktake visit represents a significant step in the ongoing efforts to solidify trade ties and deepen economic cooperation between India and Australia under the framework of the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement.

In News:

• Union Health Minister Shri JP Nadda launched a 100-day intensified TB campaign in Panchkula, Haryana, aimed at reducing TB incidence and mortality. The campaign will focus on 347 high-risk districts across India.

Key Highlights:

• Campaign Goals:
  • Find and treat missing TB cases, especially in high-risk groups.
  • Significantly reduce TB-related deaths.
• Focus Areas:
  • The campaign is part of India’s larger goal to eliminate TB before the 2030 SDG deadline.
  • Strategies include early detection and rapid treatment of TB patients.
• Historical Context:
  • TB was once seen as a "slow death" and patients were isolated.
  • In 2018, the Prime Minister set the vision to end TB before 2030.
• Recent Government Initiatives:
  • Ayushman Arogya Mandirs network of 1.7 lakh centers helps in early TB detection.
  • Increased diagnostic infrastructure: Laboratories increased from 120 in 2014 to 8,293 today.
  • Introduction of new drug regimens: Shorter and more effective treatments have increased the treatment success rate to 87%.
  • Ni-kshay Support: Rs 3,338 crore transferred to 1.17 crore TB patients via direct benefit transfer.
• Key Achievements:
  • TB decline rate in India has increased from 8.3% (2015) to 17.7% today, surpassing the global average.
  • TB-related deaths have dropped by 21.4% over the past decade.
• Private Sector Involvement:
  • Mandatory notification of TB patients by private practitioners has led to an 8-fold increase in TB case notifications.
• 4Ts Approach for TB Elimination: Test, Track, Treat, and Technology (use of advanced tools for diagnosis and treatment).
• New Initiatives:
  • Ni-kshay Vahaan: Mobile vans to detect and treat TB patients in remote areas.
  • Launch of national guidelines for a new drug-resistant TB regimen (BPaLM), which is a 4-drug combination therapy for multi-drug-resistant TB.
• Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana:
  • Increase in nutritional support: Monthly support raised from Rs 500 to Rs 1000 per TB patient.
  • The initiative also includes energy boosters for enhanced patient care.
• Mobile Diagnostics:
  • Deployment of AI-enabled portable X-ray units and molecular tests to bring diagnostics closer to people, especially in remote areas.
• Monitoring and Data: Intensified data tracking via the Ni-kshay portal to provide timely updates to TB patients.
• Background of the Campaign:
  • Part of the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP).
  • The 347 districts were selected based on indicators like death rates, presumptive TB examination rates, and incidence rates.
• Campaign Materials:
  • Unveiling of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) resources in regional languages.
  • Honoring TB Champions and Ni-kshay Mitras during the event.
• Government’s Strategic Framework:
  • India’s National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB elimination (2017-2025).
  • TB Harega Desh Jeetega Campaign and Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan.
• Tuberculosis (TB) Overview:
  • TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs, spreading through the air.
  • Mortality rate has decreased from 28 per lakh (2015) to 23 per lakh (2022).

In News:

On 11th December 2024, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, in collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (NIHE), hosted an event titled ‘Youth for the Himalaya: Innovate, Inspire, Impact’ to mark International Mountain Day.

Event Overview:

• The event was themed “Mountain Solutions for a Sustainable Future – Innovation, Adaptation, and Youth.”
• It emphasized the critical role of young people in addressing the environmental challenges faced by the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR).
• The aim was to showcase youth-driven innovations contributing to the region's sustainability, catalyzing active youth participation in environmental actions. This initiative aligns with the Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which encourages sustainable practices and collective environmental responsibility.

Key Highlights:

• Young changemakers, innovators, and stakeholders from across the country participated, including students, youth representatives, and members of the private sector, civil society, and government.
• The event highlighted discussions on sustainable solutions for the Himalayan region, integrating traditional knowledge with modern technological advancements in areas like eco-tourism, biodiversity conservation, and climate resilience.
• Short films and videos produced by NIHE and IUCN, such as "Promoting Conservation of Threatened Plant Species in the Western Himalayas" and "Himalayan Futures: Voices from the Ground," were also showcased.

International Mountain Day

• International Mountain Day, observed every year on December 11th since 2003, was established by the United Nations to raise awareness about the sustainable development of mountain regions.
• Mountains cover about one-fifth of the Earth's surface and provide essential freshwater to half of humanity, supporting agriculture, clean energy, and health.

Indian Himalayan Region (IHR)

• The IHR spans 13 Indian states and union territories, stretching approximately 2,500 kilometers from west to east. It is a biodiversity hotspot with significant ecological and cultural value. However, it faces challenges such as unsustainable development, climate change impacts, cultural erosion, and rising tourism.

Key Concerns for IHR:

• Unsustainable Development: Infrastructure projects and deforestation disrupt ecosystems.
• Climate Change: Glacial melting and rising temperatures affect water resources and increase flood risks.
• Cultural Erosion: Modernization threatens traditional practices of indigenous communities.
• Tourism Pressure: Waste generation due to growing tourism puts immense pressure on the region's fragile ecology.

Measures for Protection:

• Sustainable Tourism: Promoting eco-tourism and enforcing capacity limits to minimize environmental impact.
• Water Management: Capturing glacial meltwater for agriculture and ecosystem support.
• Disaster Preparedness: Developing disaster management strategies and early warning systems for events like landslides and floods.
• Bio-Cultural Conservation: Protecting both natural biodiversity and indigenous cultural practices through designated zones.
• Integrated Development: Establishing a "Himalayan Authority" for coordinated development in line with Sustainable Development Goals.

In News:

The National Panchayat Awards 2024 celebrated the remarkable contributions of 45 Panchayats from across India for their role in driving sustainable and inclusive development in rural areas. The awards were presented on 11th December 2024 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, with President Smt. Droupadi Murmu and Union Minister of Panchayati Raj Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh (Lalan Singh) presiding over the event.

Key Highlights:

• Categories of Awards: The awards focus on rural governance, social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Localization of SDGs (LSDGs).
  • Deen Dayal Upadhyay Panchayat Satat Vikas Puraskar (DDUPSVP): Recognizes top-performing Gram Panchayats across 9 thematic areas like health, water, sanitation, and governance.
  • Nanaji Deshmukh Sarvottam Panchayat Satat Vikas Puraskar: Awarded to the best Panchayats based on overall excellence across all LSDG themes.
  • Gram Urja Swaraj Vishesh Panchayat Puraskar: Honors Panchayats for contributions to renewable energy.
  • Carbon Neutral Vishesh Panchayat Puraskar: Awarded to Panchayats achieving net-zero carbon emissions.
  • Panchayat Kshamta Nirmaan Sarvottam Sansthan Puraskar: Recognizes institutions supporting Panchayats in implementing LSDGs.
• Notable Achievements:
  • Women’s Leadership: 42% of the award-winning Panchayats were led by women.
  • States with Top Performers: States like Tripura, Odisha, and Maharashtra were prominently recognized for their achievements, especially in sustainability efforts like carbon neutrality and renewable energy adoption.
  • Prize Distribution: A total of ?46 crore was awarded to the 45 winners, with funds directly transferred to their accounts.

Objectives:

The National Panchayat Awards aim to:

• Promote rural development through effective Panchayat governance.
• Encourage competition among Panchayats for improving public services and infrastructure.
• Recognize excellence in implementing sustainable development practices.

Key Themes of the Awards:

The awards are aligned with 9 LSDG themes that contribute to achieving 17 SDGs:

1. Poverty-Free and Enhanced Livelihoods
2. Healthy Panchayat
3. Child-Friendly Panchayat
4. Water-Sufficient Panchayat
5. Clean and Green Panchayat
6. Self-Sufficient Infrastructure
7. Socially Just and Secured Panchayat
8. Panchayat with Good Governance
9. Women-Friendly Panchayat

The National Panchayat Awards 2024 underscore the significant role of Panchayats in shaping rural India by focusing on inclusive and sustainable development. The awards also promote the importance of localized governance in achieving SDGs, encouraging other Panchayats to adopt best practices and contribute to India's overall development goals.

In News:

Prime Minister’s Development Initiative for North East Region (PM-DevINE) was announced as a new Central Sector scheme, with 100% Central funding in the Union Budget 2022-23 with initial outlay of Rs.1500 crore.

PM-DevINE Scheme:

• Launched in 2022 as a Central Sector scheme, with 100% Central funding.
• Initial outlay: Rs. 1500 crore in the Union Budget 2022-23.
• Total outlay: Rs. 6600 crore for the period from FY 2022-23 to FY 2025-2026, approved by the Union Cabinet on 12 October 2022.
• Objectives:
  • Fund infrastructure projects in the spirit of PM Gati Shakti.
  • Support social development projects tailored to the felt needs of the NER.
  • Enable livelihood opportunities for youth and women.
  • Address development gaps in various sectors.
• 35 projects worth Rs. 4857.11 crore have been sanctioned under the scheme up to 30 November 2024, including 7 projects from the Union Budget 2022-23.

Industrialization Initiatives:

• North East Industrial Development Scheme (NEIDS):
  • Launched on 1 April 2017, ended on 31 March 2022.
  • Aimed at promoting industrialization in the NER.
• UNNATI Scheme:
  • Launched on 9 March 2024 for enhancing regional infrastructure and promoting industrial growth.
  • Provides specific incentives to industries, including:
    • Capital Investment Incentive.
    • Capital Interest Subvention.
    • Manufacturing & Services Linked Incentive.

Budgetary Allocation for NER Development:

• Non-exempt Union Ministries/Departments are mandated to allocate at least 10% of their annual Gross Budgetary Allocation towards NER development.
• Between 2019-20 and 2023-24, these Ministries/Departments have incurred Rs. 3,53,412 crore towards the development of NER.

Role of State Governments and Central Support:The Government of India supplements state efforts with various schemes to promote industrialization and infrastructure development in the NER.

The PM-DevINE scheme, along with initiatives like UNNATI and the allocation of substantial funds by the central government, aims to accelerate the holistic development of NER. These efforts focus on infrastructure, social development, and industrialization, with specific emphasis on youth and women empowerment, ensuring long-term growth and prosperity for the region.

In News:

The Union Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and New & Renewable Energy, launched ‘Anna Chakra’, the Public Distribution System (PDS) Supply chain optimisation tool and SCAN (Subsidy Claim Application for NFSA) portal a significant step towards modernizing the Public Distribution System and subsidy claim mechanisms of the States.

Anna Chakra: PDS Supply Chain Optimization Tool

• Purpose: A tool developed to enhance the efficiency of PDS logistics across India, optimizing food grain transportation.
• Collaboration: Developed by the Department of Food and Public Distribution, in collaboration with the World Food Programme (WFP) and IIT-Delhi’s Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT).
• Functionality: Uses advanced algorithms to identify optimal transportation routes for food grains.
• Key Features:
  • Efficiency and Cost Savings: Achieves annual savings of Rs 250 crores by reducing fuel consumption, time, and logistics costs.
  • Environmental Impact: Reduces transportation-related emissions by cutting transportation distance by 15-50%, contributing to a smaller carbon footprint.
  • Wide Coverage: Impacts 30 states, 4.37 lakh Fair Price Shops (FPS), and 6,700 warehouses in the PDS supply chain.
  • Technology Integration: Linked with the Freight Operations Information System (FOIS) of Railways and PM Gati Shakti platform, enabling geo-location mapping of FPS and warehouses.

SCAN Portal: Subsidy Claim Application for NFSA

• Objective: To streamline the subsidy claim process under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, ensuring better utilization of funds.
• Functionality: Provides a unified platform for states to submit food subsidy claims, reducing administrative complexity and delays.
• Key Features:
  • Single Window Submission: Simplifies subsidy claim submission for states, enhancing coordination.
  • Automated Workflow: End-to-end automation ensures efficiency, transparency, and faster settlements.
  • Rule-Based Processing: Claims are scrutinized and approved through a rule-based system, speeding up the approval process.

Public Distribution System (PDS) Overview

• Purpose: Ensures food security by providing subsidized food grains to vulnerable populations under the NFSA, benefitting nearly 80 crore people.
• Management: A joint effort between the Central and State/UT Governments. The Food Corporation of India (FCI) handles procurement and transportation, while state governments manage local distribution.
• Commodities: Primarily wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene, with some states also distributing pulses and edible oils.

Initiatives to Reform PDS in India

• One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC):
  • Goal: To allow portability of ration cards, benefiting migrant workers and seasonal laborers.
  • Features: Biometric authentication, digital payments, and enhanced inclusivity.
• SMART-PDS Scheme (2023-2026):
  • Objective: To upgrade technology in PDS, including computerized FPS, point-of-sale (POS) machines, and GPS tracking for transparency and fraud reduction.
• Aadhaar and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT):
  • Purpose: Ensures proper beneficiary identification and cash transfers, allowing beneficiaries to purchase grains from the open market.
• Technology and Transparency Enhancements:
  • GPS and SMS Monitoring: Ensures the proper delivery of food grains to FPS and provides citizens with updates via SMS.

In News:

Union Minister for Education, launched the PMeVIDYA DTH 24x7 Channel No. 31 dedicated to Indian Sign Language (ISL) on December 6, 2024, in New Delhi.

Channel Purpose and Vision:

• Objective: To bridge the communication gap between the hearing-impaired and hearing populations by promoting ISL.
• Significance: Channel 31 aims to unlock talent and ensure equal opportunities for all, making society more inclusive and progressive.
• ISL's Role: Pradhan emphasized the importance of alternative communication methods like ISL, which ensures that individuals with hearing impairments have equal access to education, employment, and societal participation.

Government's Focus on Inclusivity:

• Legal Framework: Pradhan highlighted the expansion of recognized disabilities from 7 to 21, making the legal framework more comprehensive.
• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: The policy focuses on inclusive education, with particular attention to Children with Special Needs (CwSN). The NEP promotes the standardization of ISL and its inclusion in educational curricula.
• Employment and Cultural Expression: ISL is not only essential for communication but also contributes to cultural expressions like dance and drama. Pradhan emphasized that learning ISL would open employment opportunities and allow individuals to express themselves fully.

Importance of Channel 31:

• The launch of Channel 31 aligns with India’s commitment to ensuring equal rights and access to education, as enshrined in the Constitution.
• Pradhan urged for widespread adoption of ISL, ensuring that more people learn the language to better support the hearing-impaired community.

PM e-Vidya Initiative:

• Launch Date: PM e-Vidya was launched as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan on May 17, 2020, to bridge the digital divide and ensure inclusive education.
• Key Components:
  • DIKSHA: A national platform providing e-content for all grades.
  • DTH TV Channels: Initially started with 12 channels, now expanded to 200, offering supplementary education in multiple languages.
  • SWAYAM: A platform for online courses and MOOCs for both school and higher education.
  • Community Radio & Podcasts: These platforms are used for wider educational outreach, especially in rural and remote areas.
  • e-Content for Teachers: Interactive videos and resources aimed at enhancing teacher education.

Channel Content:

• Channel 31 will provide 24x7 educational content for children with hearing impairments, teachers, and other stakeholders.
• The content will include school curricula, career guidance, skill training, mental health support, and promotion of ISL as a subject.
• The content will be available on YouTube, increasing its reach and accessibility.

In News:

The Hornbill Festival, a vibrant celebration of Nagaland's culture and tourism, is an annual event that takes place from December 1 to 10.

About the Hornbill Festival:

• Origin: First held in the year 2000.
• Purpose: The festival aims to foster inter-tribal communication, preserve the cultural heritage of Nagaland, and showcase the harmonious blending of traditional and modern elements.
• Significance: Referred to as the “festival of festivals,” it has become an essential part of the state’s cultural calendar.
• Organizers: It is organized by the Tourism and Art & Culture Departments of the Government of Nagaland.
• Location: The festival takes place annually at the Naga Heritage Village in Kisama, located about 12 kilometers from Kohima.
• Cultural Showcase: Over the years, it has evolved into a significant celebration that highlights the vibrant and diverse cultural traditions of the various tribes in Nagaland.
• Name Origin: The festival is named after the Hornbill bird, which holds cultural importance among the Naga tribes.
• Theme of the 2024 Hornbill Festival:The 2024 edition is themed “Cultural Connect,” celebrating the rich heritage and cultural diversity of Nagaland. The festival continues to merge modernity and tradition through a variety of activities, including Naga wrestling, traditional archery, food stalls, fashion shows, beauty contests, and musical performances. Additionally, the Archives Branch is presenting a special exhibition titled “Naga-Land & People in Archival Mirror” in partnership with the National Archives of India, offering a deeper look at the region's history and cultural practices.
• Recent Milestone:This year marks the 25th anniversary of the Hornbill Festival.

Festival Highlights:

• Annual Event: Held each year since its inception in 2000, it serves as a major cultural event for Nagaland.
• Symbolism: Named after the Hornbill bird, which represents boldness and grandeur in Naga folklore.
• Location: The festival is hosted at Kisama Heritage Village, a cultural center that preserves Naga traditions with 17 indigenous houses (Morungs) that represent each of the tribes.
• Cultural Diversity: Nagaland, known as the “Land of Festivals,” is home to 17 major tribes, each with its distinct festivals and cultural practices. The Hornbill Festival promotes inter-tribal interaction and celebrates the state’s rich heritage.
• National Significance: Reflecting India’s unity in diversity, the festival serves as a platform for different cultural practices to coexist, strengthening the nation’s collective identity.

In News:

India and Slovenia have announced a five-year scientific collaboration plan (2024-2029) to deepen ties in research and technology. The Programme of Cooperation (PoC) was finalized during a meeting between Dr. Jitendra Singh (Indian Minister for Science and Technology) and Dr. Igor Papi? (Slovenian Minister for Higher Education, Science, and Innovation) on December 5, 2024.

Key Highlights:

• Joint Research Focus: The collaboration will focus on hydrogen technologies, sustainable innovation, AI, renewable energy, and smart cities.
• Over 20 Successful Projects: More than 20 joint initiatives in sectors like health, AI, and energy have already been implemented.
• Future Areas of Collaboration: New research projects will be launched, further strengthening academic exchanges and scientific networks between the countries.
• Hydrogen Technologies: Both ministers emphasized hydrogen's role in global energy sustainability, marking it as a critical area for future research.
• Historical Partnership: This builds on a partnership dating back to a 1995 agreement, with initiatives like the Joint Working Group on Scientific and Technological Cooperation.

What is the Programme of Cooperation (PoC)?

• The Programme of Cooperation (PoC) is a formal agreement between two countries designed to enhance collaboration in specific sectors, such as science, technology, and innovation.
• In the case of India and Slovenia, the PoC for the period 2024–2029 aims to promote joint research efforts, academic exchanges, and partnerships in emerging fields like hydrogen technologies, sustainable innovation, and other transformative areas.
• The PoC serves as a structured framework for long-term cooperation, enabling both nations to develop networks among scientists and researchers while addressing global challenges through collaborative innovation.

In News:

The PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana, the world’s largest domestic rooftop solar initiative, is transforming India’s energy landscape with a bold vision to supply solar power to one crore households by March 2027.

Key Details:

Targeted Installations:

• 10 lakh installations by March 2025.
• 1 crore installations by March 2027.

Subsidy and Financing:

• Offers up to 40% subsidy for rooftop solar installations based on household electricity consumption.
• Collateral-free loans available for up to 3 kW solar systems at a 7% interest rate.

Key Benefits:

The PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana offers several significant benefits to participating households:

• Free Electricity for Households: The scheme provides households with free electricity through the installation of subsidized rooftop solar panels, significantly reducing their energy costs.
• Reduced Electricity Costs for the Government: By promoting the widespread use of solar power, the scheme is expected to save the government an estimated ?75,000 crore annually in electricity costs.
• Increased Use of Renewable Energy: The scheme encourages the adoption of renewable energy sources, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy mix in India.
• Reduced Carbon Emissions: The transition to solar energy under this scheme will help lower carbon emissions, supporting India's commitment to reducing its carbon footprint.

Eligibility Criteria:

1. The applicant must be an Indian citizen.

2. Must own a house with a roof that is suitable for installing solar panels.

3. The household must have a valid electricity connection.

4. The household must not have availed of any other subsidy for solar panels.

Impact

The   PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana is expected to have far-reaching outcomes, both for individual households and the nation as a whole:

• Household Savings and Income Generation: Households will benefit from significant savings on their electricity bills. Additionally, they will have the opportunity to earn extra income by selling surplus power generated by their rooftop solar systems to DISCOMs. For instance, a 3-kW system can generate over 300 units per month on average, providing a reliable source of energy and potential revenue.
• Expansion of Solar Capacity: The scheme is projected to add 30 GW of solar capacity through rooftop installations in the residential sector, significantly contributing to India's renewable energy goals.
• Environmental Benefits: Over the 25-year lifetime of these rooftop systems, it is estimated that the scheme will generate 1000 BUs of electricity while reducing CO2 emissions by 720 million tonnes, making a substantial positive impact on the environment.
• Job Creation: The scheme is also expected to create approximately 17 lakh direct jobs across various sectors, including manufacturing, logistics, supply chain, sales, installation, operations and maintenance (O&M), and other services, thereby boosting employment and economic growth in the country.

Model Solar Village

• Under the "Model Solar Village" component of the scheme, the focus is on establishing one Model Solar Village per district throughout India.
• This initiative aims to promote solar energy adoption and empower village communities to achieve energy self-reliance.
• An allocation of ?800 crore has been designated for this component, with ?1 crore provided to each selected Model Solar Village.
• To qualify as a candidate village, it must be a revenue village with a population of over 5,000 (or 2,000 in special category states). Villages are selected through a competitive process, evaluated on their overall distributed renewable energy (RE) capacity six months after being identified by the District Level Committee (DLC).
• The village in each district with the highest RE capacity will receive a central financial assistance grant of ?1 crore.
• The State/UT Renewable Energy Development Agency, under the supervision of the DLC, will oversee the implementation, ensuring these model villages successfully transition to solar energy and set a benchmark for others across the country.