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In a significant move, families from the JenuKuruba tribe have begun returning to their ancestral lands located within Nagarhole National Park. This reoccupation marks an important step in their decades-long struggle to reclaim traditional forest habitats.

Who are the JenuKurubas?

The JenuKuruba are an indigenous tribal community classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) in India. They are primarily concentrated in the Kodagu and Mysuru districts of Karnataka.

• Etymology:The term "JenuKuruba" derives from Kannada—“jenu” means honey, reflecting their age-old practice of honey collection. Traditionally, they depend on forest produce, minor agriculture, and gathering activities for their livelihood.
• Alternate Names:They are also known as Then Kurumba or KattuNaikar in various local contexts.

Settlement and Lifestyle

• Habitat:The community resides in compact settlements known as “Hadi.”
• Living Style:They follow a semi-nomadic lifestyle, shaped by their deep relationship with forest ecosystems rather than external authorities like the state, police, or religious institutions.

Community Structure

• Governance:
  The JenuKurubas follow a traditional leadership hierarchy that includes:
  • Yajamana (Headman) – responsible for social matters
  • Gudda (Ritual Head) – oversees religious ceremonies

While the Gudda handles spiritual issues, all other community functions are managed locally under the guidance of the Yajamana.

Belief System and Culture

• Spiritual Beliefs:Their religion is rooted in the worship of supernatural spirits and deities unique to their tradition. These spiritual entities have distinct identities and are central to their worldview.
• Cultural Expressions:Music, dance, and oral storytelling are vital cultural practices. Their traditional songs and dances revolve around themes of agriculture, marriage, mythology, and faith.

Significance of the return to Nagarhole

The recent return of JenuKuruba families to Nagarhole represents not just a physical homecoming, but a cultural revival. For the tribe, the forest is not just a resource—it is sacred ground tied to their identity, heritage, and spiritual life.

Their reoccupation reopens long-standing debates about conservation, indigenous rights, and forest governance in India.