Jarawa Tribe

  • 16 Jul 2025

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The 16th Census of India, scheduled for 2026–27, will include a special effort to enumerate the six main indigenous tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, including the Jarawa, one of the world’s oldest surviving tribal groups.

About the Jarawa Tribe:

  • Status: Recognized as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).
  • Location: Reside in Middle and South Andaman Islands, primarily in dense tropical forests and coastal zones.
  • Lifestyle:
    • Nomadic hunter-gatherers living in small groups of 40–50.
    • Depend on forest produce, marine fishing, and traditional medicine.
    • Exhibit robust health, with low incidence of lifestyle diseases.
  • Cultural Characteristics:
    • Minimal attire suited to the climate.
    • Known for strong territorial identity and historical resistance to outsiders.
    • Maintain a natural diet and traditional healing practices.

Population Trends:

  • 1998 Estimate: ~260 individuals (based on limited contact).
  • 2011 Census: 380 individuals (out of 28,530 STs in A&N Islands).
  • 2025 Official Estimate: 647 individuals.
    • Increase attributed to improved healthcare, trust-building, and non-intrusive welfare policies.

Government Interventions & Welfare Initiatives:

  • Healthcare: Preventive medical support (measles, hepatitis, malaria) provided without interfering in traditional practices.
  • Welfare Access: Increased interaction since 1998 has enabled better outreach, aiding accurate population tracking.
  • PM-JANMAN Scheme: Under the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan, 191 PVTG individuals have been identified in the islands for targeted welfare.

Challenges & Ethical Considerations:

  • Andaman Trunk Road (ATR): Provides physical access but raises concerns of cultural intrusion.
  • Expert Opinion: Minimum intervention is essential for preserving the Jarawa way of life. Trust and respect for autonomy remain key.

16th Census of India: Timeline & Relevance:

  • Reference Dates:
    • October 1, 2026: Snow-bound areas (e.g., Ladakh, A&N Islands).
    • March 1, 2027: Rest of India.
  • Special Feature: Will include caste enumeration, the first since 1931.
  • Jarawa Inclusion: Officials expect smooth access to PVTGs like the Jarawas due to longstanding trust and contact.