In News:

Gujarat has become the first Indian state to launch a genome sequencing initiative specifically targeting tribal communities. The Tribal Genome Sequencing Project, announced in July 2025, aims to identify genetic health risks among tribal populations and develop precision healthcare strategies.

About the Project

• Name: Creation of Reference Genome Database for Tribal Population in Gujarat
• Launched by: Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC)
• Coverage: 2,000 individuals from tribal communities across 17 districts in Gujarat
• Budgetary Support: Part of the Gujarat State Budget 2025–26

Objectives

• Identify genetic risk markers for inherited disorders such as:
  • Sickle cell anaemia
  • Thalassaemia
  • Hereditary cancers
• Develop personalised healthcare protocols tailored to tribal genetic profiles.
• Detect natural immunity markers to aid targeted medical interventions.
• Promote data-driven tribal health equity and science-led empowerment.

Key Features

• Establishes advanced infrastructure for:
  • Sample collection
  • Genome sequencing
  • Genetic data interpretation
• Enables early detection and targeted treatment for genetically inherited diseases.
• Involves community engagement for inclusive participation and awareness.
• Represents diverse tribal groups, ensuring comprehensive genomic mapping.

Significance

• Healthcare Equity: Bridges the healthcare gap by enabling affordable, preventive, and precision medicine for marginalised tribal communities.
• Scientific Advancement: Provides a genomic reference database for long-term public health research and policy planning.
• Scalability: Sets a precedent for other Indian states to replicate region-specific genomic initiatives aimed at health inclusion.

What is Genome Sequencing?

• A genome is the complete set of DNA in an organism.
• Human DNA comprises 23 pairs of chromosomes, made up of millions of nucleotide bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
• Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) decodes the exact sequence of these bases, helping identify genetic disorders and traits.