In News:

Former U.S. President Donald Trump, aged 79, was recently diagnosed with Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) — a common vascular condition, especially among individuals above 70 years. This brings attention to a condition affecting millions globally.

What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?

CVI is a circulatory disorder where the veins in the legs fail to return blood effectively to the heart. This results in blood pooling in the lower limbs due to damaged or weak vein valves, increasing venous pressure.

• Typically begins in one leg and may progress to both.
• Common symptoms include:
  • Leg pain, swelling
  • Varicose veins
  • Cramps, skin discoloration, or thickening
  • In advanced cases: venous ulcers
• In some cases, patients may be asymptomatic in early stages.

Epidemiology

• Affects approximately 1 in 20 adults
• Risk significantly increases with age
• Particularly common among individuals over 70
• People with CVI are about 60% more likely to also have cardiovascular disease compared to those without the condition

Risk Factors and Causes

CVI can result from or be worsened by:

• Obesity and pregnancy
• Family history of vein disorders
• Leg injury, surgery, or prior blood clots
• High blood pressure, smoking
• Lack of physical activity or prolonged sedentary lifestyle

Management and Treatment

Lifestyle Modifications

• Regular physical activity
• Avoid prolonged sitting or standing
• Weight management
• Elevating the legs to aid venous return

Medical Interventions

• Compression therapy: Use of compression stockings or bandages to support vein function
• Medications that enhance venous tone and reduce inflammation

Surgical/Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Endovenous laser ablation
• Vein glue therapy: Seals off malfunctioning veins
• Vein ligation/stripping (less common today due to invasive nature)

These newer techniques often ensure quicker recovery than traditional surgery.