In News:

The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has announced that India will conduct its first nationwide Household Income Survey in 2026, marking a major milestone in the country’s data-driven policymaking framework.

What is the Household Income Survey?

• A comprehensive, nationwide survey aimed at collecting reliable and robust data on household income distribution across India.
• It is the first standalone survey focused specifically on income estimation, unlike earlier efforts that focused primarily on consumption and employment.

Key Implementing Bodies:

• Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
• National Sample Survey (NSS)
• Technical Expert Group (TEG)

Historical Background:

• 1950: National Sample Survey (NSS) established to conduct large-scale household surveys.
• 1955–1970: Income data attempted in the 9th, 14th, 19th, and 24th NSS rounds but faced challenges such as underreporting.
• 1983–84: A pilot income study failed to produce scalable data due to low income estimates relative to consumption and savings.
• Past difficulties deterred the launch of a dedicated income survey—until now.

Key Features of the 2026 Survey:

• First of its kind: India’s first survey exclusively focused on household income distribution.
• Methodologically robust: Designed by the TEG, incorporating international best practices in conceptual design, sampling, and estimation.
• Use of digital tools: Integration of technology-driven data collection methods to improve precision, timeliness, and reflect the role of digital economy in income generation.
• Built on recent statistical reforms by MoSPI in areas like:
  • Unincorporated enterprise surveys
  • Services sector data
  • Private capital expenditure
  • Tourism satellite accounts

Significance of the Survey:

• Addresses a critical data gap in understanding income inequality, disparities, and growth trends.
• Supports evidence-based welfare policies, including targeted subsidies, social protection, and fiscal redistribution.
• Enhances India’s capacity for inclusive growth assessment and SDG tracking.
• Strengthens the country's statistical infrastructure, aligning it with global standards.