In News:

NITI Aayog released its first quarterly report, Trade Watch Quarterly (TWQ), on December 4, 2024, focusing on India's trade developments during Q1 FY2024 (April-June).

Overview:

• Purpose: The publication aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of India’s trade performance, highlighting key trends, challenges, and opportunities.
• Target: To leverage insights for evidence-based policy interventions and foster informed decision-making, contributing to sustainable growth in India’s trade.

Trade Performance Highlights (Q1 FY24):

• Total Trade: $576 billion (5.45% YoY growth).
  • Merchandise Exports: Growth was restrained due to declines in iron & steel, and pearls.
  • Imports: Driven by high-value goods, including aircraft, spacecraft, mineral fuels, and vegetable oils.
  • Services Exports: Displayed a surplus, particularly in IT services.
• Growth in Services Exports: A positive trend, rising by 10.09% YoY, particularly in IT services and business solutions.

Key Challenges for India’s Trade:

• Limited Success in China-Plus-One Strategy:Countries like Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia have gained more from this strategy, benefitting from cheaper labor, simplified tax laws, and lower tariffs.
• CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism):Starting in 2026, CBAM will impose carbon taxes on imports like cement, steel, and fertilizers. India’s iron and steel industry could face significant risks due to this.
• Declining Share in Labor-Intensive Sectors:India’s global market share in labor-intensive sectors (e.g., textiles, leather) has declined despite a strong workforce.
• Geopolitical Instability (West Asia):
  • Oil price hikes could increase India’s Current Account Deficit (CAD) and fuel inflation.
  • Declining agricultural exports to markets like Iran further add to the challenges.

Strategic Recommendations for Overcoming Challenges:

• Infrastructure Modernization:
  • Expansion of digital platforms like Trade Connect e-Platform to streamline processes and support exporters.
  • Strengthening logistics via the National Logistics Policy.
• Export Incentives:Continuation of schemes like RoDTEP (Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products) to maintain export competitiveness.
• Technological Integration:Leveraging digital trade to tap into high-growth sectors and foster innovation in trade.
• Strengthening FTAs (Free Trade Agreements):Focus on negotiating strategic FTAs with global partners (e.g., the UK and the EU) to reduce trade barriers and enhance global market access.

Geopolitical and Environmental Risks:

• U.S.-China Trade Tensions:Offers opportunities for India to diversify its supply chains, but also poses challenges in terms of overdependence on certain countries.
• Impact of CBAM:Risk to carbon-intensive Indian exports like steel and aluminium, which will face tariffs starting in 2026.

Sectoral Performance:

• Growing Sectors:
  • IT Services: India’s market share of IT services reached 10.2%, continuing to be a strong contributor.
  • Pharmaceuticals, Electrical Machinery, and Mineral Fuels: Significant contributors to export growth.
• Declining Sectors:Labor-Intensive Goods: Declines in global market share for textiles, pearls, and leather.

Pathway to $2 Trillion Exports by 2030:

• India's Export Aspirations:To achieve the target of $2 trillion in exports by 2030, India must address structural inefficiencies, diversify exports, and reduce trade barriers.
• Vision 2047:Aligning with India’s broader vision to become a developed nation, the report stresses the importance of strengthening trade, technology, and infrastructure to realize these ambitions.
• Trade's Role in Economic Growth:
  • Trade is vital to India’s economic trajectory, contributing significantly to GDP growth.
  • Through evidence-based policymaking, infrastructure modernization, and strategic global partnerships, India can achieve sustained growth in trade, leading to the realization of a Viksit Bharat (Developed India) by 2047.

In News:

Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), under the NITI Aayog and the Office of Science & Innovation, at the Embassy of Sweden, in partnership with Nordic collaborators - Innovation Norway, Innovation Centre Denmark, and Business Finland, announced the successful conclusion of SheSTEM 2024.

Key Highlights:

• Objective: To inspire youth, especially women, to explore careers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) and promote innovative solutions for sustainability.
• Theme: Focus on Battery Technology and Energy Storage Systems (BEST), part of the India-Nordic BEST project, aimed at fostering sustainability through advanced energy solutions.

Key Features of the Challenge:

• Target Audience: Students from grades 6–12 across India.
• Participation: Over 1,000 submissions showcasing innovative energy storage solutions.
• Format: Students presented prototypes or concepts via a 2-minute video format.
• Focus Areas: Sustainability, energy storage, and innovative solutions to global challenges.

Significance of SheSTEM 2024:

• Youth Empowerment: Provides a platform for young innovators to showcase their ideas and contribute to global sustainability.
• Global Impact: Encourages collaboration between India and Nordic countries in academia, business, and government to explore energy storage and sustainable technologies.
• Women in STEM: Highlights the importance of gender inclusivity in STEM fields, particularly in sustainability and technology.

Key Facts about AIM (Atal Innovation Mission):

• Established: 2016 by NITI Aayog to foster innovation and entrepreneurship across India.
• Core Functions:
  • Promote Entrepreneurship: Financial support, mentorship, and nurturing innovative startups.
  • Promote Innovation: Creating platforms for idea generation and collaboration.
• Key Programs: Atal Tinkering Labs, Atal Incubation Centres, Atal New India Challenges, and Mentor India.
• Monitoring: Systematic monitoring of initiatives using real-time MIS systems and dashboards.

In News:

At an event celebrating the National Sports Day, The Minister for Youth Affairs & Sports and Labour& Employment launched “Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training” (RESET) Programme.

Key Highlights:

• Objective:
  • Empower retired athletes through career development.
  • Provide tailored education, internships, and skill enhancement.
  • Address the human resource gap in the sports sector.
• Eligibility Criteria:
  • Retired athletes aged 20-50 years.
  • Winners of international medals or participants in international events.
  • National/state-level medalists or participants in recognized competitions (e.g., National Sports Federations, Indian Olympic Association).
• Courses Offered (16 Courses):

• • Strength & Conditioning Trainer
  • Sports Nutritionist
  • Sports Event Management
  • Corporate Wellness Trainer
  • Sports Masseur
• Sports Entrepreneurship
• Store Manager
• Fitness Centre Manager
• Physical Education Trainer
• Fitness Trainer
• Yoga Trainer
• Venue Supervisor
• Self-Defence Trainer
• Community Sports Trainer
• Camping & Trekking Guide
• Facility Caretaker

• Program Structure:
  • Two levels based on educational qualifications:
    • Class 12 and above
    • Class 11 and below
  • Hybrid learning mode:
    • Self-paced learning via a dedicated portal.
    • On-ground training and internships.
• Internship and Placement:
  • Internships offered in sports organizations, competitions, training camps, and leagues.
  • Post-course placement assistance and entrepreneurial guidance.
• Implementing Agency:Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) for the pilot phase.
• Importance:
  • Provides sustainable career pathways for retired athletes.
  • Utilizes the experience and skills of retired athletes to benefit future generations of athletes.
  • Contributes to the growth of sports and nation-building.
• National Sports Day (29th August):
  • Celebrated in honor of Major Dhyan Chand's birth anniversary.
  • Promotes sports and physical fitness in India.
  • Awards like Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna presented to honor excellence in sports.

In News:

Recently, the Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh was officially declared a Tiger Reserve, making it the 8th such reserve in the state. This declaration follows approval from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change through the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).

Key Details:

• Core Area: 763.8 sq. km
• Buffer Area: 507.6 sq. km
• Total Area: 1,271.4 sq. km
• Ratapani Tiger Reserve is located in the Raisen and Sehore districts, within the Vindhya hills, and is home to approximately 90 tigers.
• It also forms a crucial part of Madhya Pradesh’s tiger habitat and serves as a migration corridor from the Satpura ranges.

Economic and Ecotourism Benefits:

• The designation will boost ecotourism, generating employment and improving livelihoods for local communities.
• Eco-development programs will support residents, providing new opportunities and addressing the balance between conservation and human interests.

Wildlife Conservation and Management:

• The reserve will focus on habitat management, wildlife protection, and community engagement.
• The core area has been recognized as a critical tiger habitat under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
• Efforts will include strengthening anti-poaching measures, improving surveillance, and enhancing prey base restoration.

Significance for Madhya Pradesh:

• This move places Madhya Pradesh as the "Tiger State of India", with significant conservation focus on the Ratapani and Madhav National Park (also in the process of becoming a tiger reserve).
• Madhya Pradesh now hosts 8 tiger reserves, contributing significantly to the country's overall tiger conservation efforts.

In News:

• The International Day of Persons with Disabilities (IDPD), observed annually on December 3, celebrates the resilience, contributions, and leadership of persons with disabilities (PwDs) worldwide.
• Theme: “Amplifying the leadership of persons with disabilities for an inclusive and sustainable future”

History

• Proclamation: Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1992 to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities (PwDs).
• Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): Adopted in 2006, further advanced the rights and well-being of PwDs and supports the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Initiatives

Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities

• In order to give focused attention to policy issues and meaningful thrust to the activities aimed at the welfare and empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs), a separate Department of Disability Affairs was carved out of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment on May 12, 2012.
• The Department was renamed the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities on December 8, 2014.
• The Department acts as a nodal agency for matters pertaining to disability and persons with disabilities, including effecting closer coordination among different stakeholders: related Central Ministries, State/UT Governments, NGOs, etc., in matters pertaining to disability.

Accessible India Campaign

• The Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan), launched on December 3, 2015 aims to achieve universal accessibility for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) across India.
• The key focus areas include improving Built Environment Accessibility in public spaces, enhancing Transportation Accessibility for independent mobility, creating an accessible Information and Communication ecosystem, and expanding Sign Language Access through interpreter training and better media support.

Deendayal Divyangjan Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS)

• DDRS is a central sector scheme to provide grant-in-aid to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for projects relating to the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities aimed at enabling persons with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal, physical, sensory, intellectual, psychiatric, or socio-functional levels. 

District Disability Rehabilitation Centre (DDRC)

• The District Disability Rehabilitation Centre (DDRC) aims to address the needs of persons with disabilities through a multifaceted approach.
• Its objectives include early identification and intervention, raising awareness, and assessing the need for assistive devices along with their provision and fitment, arrangement of loans for self-employment and more. Additionally, it acts as an outreach center for services provided by National Institutes and works to promote a barrier-free environment for individuals with disabilities.

Assistance to Persons with Disabilities for Purchase/Fitting of Aids/ Appliances (ADIP) Scheme.

• The main objective of the Scheme is to provide grants-in-aid to the various implementing agencies (National Institutes/Composite Regional Centers/Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India.

Schemes For Implementation Of Rights of Persons With Disabilities Act 2016 (SIPDA)

• The Scheme for Implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (SIPDA) is a comprehensive "Central Sector Scheme" that encompasses 10 sub-schemes following its revision during the Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC) meeting on 11th August 2021.
• This revised scheme, approved by the Hon'ble Finance Minister, is designed to operate from 2021–22 to 2025–26. 

Divya Kala Mela

• The Divya Kala Mela is a national-level fair dedicated to Divyangjan and represents a significant milestone in India’s journey toward inclusivity and empowerment of the Divyangjan, or differently-abled individuals.

PM-DAKSH

• PM-DAKSH (Pradhan Mantri DakshtaAurKushaltaSampannHitgrahi) Yojana is a one-stop destination for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs), skill training organizations, and employers across India to be a part of the National Action Plan for Skill Development of Persons with Disabilities implemented by the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD). Under this portal, there are two modules:
  • Divyangjan Kaushal Vikas: Skill training is conducted for PwDs through the portal across the country.
  • Divyangjan Rozgar Setu: The platform aims to act as a bridge between PwDs and employers having jobs for PwDs. The platform provides geo-tagged based information on employment/earning opportunities within private companies as well as PwDs across India.

In News:

• India has climbed 11 positions to secure 49th rank in the Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2024, compared to 60th in NRI 2023.
• This improvement reflects India’s significant progress in the digital and telecommunication sectors.

NRI 2024 Overview:

• The NRI 2024 report assesses the network readiness of 133 economies based on four pillars: Technology, People, Governance, and Impact, using 54 variables.
• Published by the Portulans Institute, Washington DC.

India's Leading Indicators:

• Top rankings:
  • 1st Rank: ‘AI scientific publications’, ‘AI talent concentration’, and ‘ICT services exports’.
  • 2nd Rank: ‘FTTH/Building Internet subscriptions’, ‘Mobile broadband internet traffic’, and ‘International Internet bandwidth’.
  • 3rd Rank: ‘Domestic market scale’.
  • 4th Rank: ‘Annual investment in telecommunication services’.

Digital Progress:

• India has demonstrated remarkable digital transformation, especially in technological innovation and digital infrastructure.

Economic Grouping:

• India ranks 2nd in the lower-middle-income countries group, following Vietnam.

Telecommunication Achievements:

• Tele-density has increased from 75.2% to 84.69% in the past decade, with 119 crore wireless connections.
• Internet subscribers have surged from 25.1 crore to 94.4 crore, aided by Digital India initiatives and rural broadband expansion.
• 5G Launch: In 2022, India launched 5G services, significantly boosting global mobile broadband speed rankings from 118th to 15th.

Future Vision:

• India’s Bharat 6G Vision aims to position the country as a leader in future telecom technologies, backed by strong infrastructure and investments in emerging technologies.

Telecom Reforms:

• Spectrum management, ease of doing business, and consumer protection reforms have strengthened India’s telecom sector, contributing to its improved network readiness ranking.

In News:

World AIDS Day is observed annually on December 1 since 1988 to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS and demonstrate solidarity with affected individuals. It commemorates lives lost to AIDS and highlights progress and ongoing challenges in prevention, treatment, and care.

Key Highlights:

• 2024 Theme: "Take the Rights Path: My Health, My Right!"
  • Focuses on healthcare access, human rights, and addressing systemic inequalities in HIV prevention and treatment services.
  • Aims to empower individuals to manage their health and reduce stigma.
  • Advocates for inclusivity and global cooperation to eradicate AIDS.

Global and National Perspective on HIV/AIDS

• Global Progress:
  • According to UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2023, significant strides have been made globally in reducing new HIV infections and improving treatment access.
  • India has been acknowledged for its robust legal framework and financial investments in HIV control.
• India's HIV Statistics:
  • Over 2.5 million people live with HIV in India.
  • Annual new infections: 66,400, a 44% reduction since 2010.
  • HIV prevalence among adults is 0.2%.
  • Free lifelong treatment is provided to over 16 lakh people at 725 ART centers (as of 2023).

India’s Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Response

• Early Initiatives:
  • India’s response to HIV/AIDS began in 1985 with sero-surveillance and blood safety measures.
  • The National AIDS and STD Control Programme (NACP) was launched in 1992, evolving into one of the world’s largest HIV/AIDS control programs.
• Evolution of NACP:
  • Phase I (1992-1999): Focused on awareness and blood safety.
  • Phase II (1999-2007): Introduced direct interventions in prevention, detection, and treatment.
  • Phase III (2007-2012): Expanded decentralized management at the district level.
  • Phase IV (2012-2017): Increased funding and sustainability of interventions.
  • Phase IV Extended (2017-2021): Passage of the HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017; introduction of the ‘Test and Treat’ policy; and response to the COVID-19 pandemic with IT innovations.
• NACP Phase V (2021-2026):
  • Central Sector Scheme with an outlay of Rs. 15,471.94 crore.
  • Goals: Reduce new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths by 80% by 2025-26 from 2010 levels.
  • Eliminate vertical transmission of HIV and syphilis, reduce stigma, and ensure universal access to STI/RTI services for vulnerable populations.
  • Key strategies include community-centered approaches, technology integration, gender-sensitive responses, and public-private sector partnerships.

Key Objectives of NACP Phase V

• Prevention & Control:
  • Ensure 95% of high-risk individuals access prevention services.
  • Achieve the 95-95-95 targets: 95% of HIV-positive individuals know their status, are on treatment, and achieve viral suppression.
  • Eliminate vertical transmission of HIV and syphilis.
  • Reduce stigma and discrimination to less than 10%.
• STI/RTI Prevention:
  • Universal access to high-quality services for at-risk populations.

In News:

The 14th Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users' Conference (AOMSUC-14)was held in New Delhi, India, hosted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. This annual event brings together meteorologists, earth scientists, and satellite data users to discuss advancements in satellite technology for weather and climate monitoring.

Key Facts:

• Objective:
  • Promote Satellite Observations: Highlight the importance of satellite data for meteorology and climatology.
  • Advance Remote Sensing Science: Foster advancements in satellite technology and its application in weather forecasting and climate monitoring.
  • Encourage Collaboration: Facilitate dialogue between satellite operators and users to enhance the use of satellite data across the Asia-Oceania region.
  • Discuss Future Plans: Update on the current status and future plans of international space programs.
  • Engage Young Scientists: Encourage the involvement of young researchers in satellite science and meteorology.
• Participants:
  • Around 150 participants from various countries, including key international space organizations like WMO, NASA, ESA, JAXA, and other meteorological and space entities.
  • The conference will feature oral presentations, poster sessions, panel discussions, and a training workshop focused on satellite data application.
• Significance of the Conference:
  • Regional Cooperation: AOMSUC promotes stronger cooperation between countries in the Asia-Oceania region, addressing shared challenges in meteorology and satellite data usage.
  • Improved Forecasting: Enhances satellite data utilization for more accurate weather forecasting, disaster prediction, and climate monitoring.
  • Disaster Risk Management: Strengthens early warning systems for extreme weather events, improving disaster preparedness and response.
  • Capacity Building: Offers training and workshops for local meteorologists, boosting the capacity of countries to use satellite data effectively for weather forecasting and climate services.
  • Data Sharing: Encourages collaboration in satellite data sharing, facilitating better access to meteorological data across national borders.
• History of AOMSUC:The first AOMSUC was held in Beijing, China in 2010. Since then, the conference has been held annually in various Asia-Oceania locations and has become a leading event for the meteorological community.

In News:

The first edition of CINBAX (Counter-Terrorism Counter-Bio-Terrorism and Intelligence Operations Exercise) was launched on December 1, 2024, at the Foreign Training Node, Pune.

Key Details:

• Participants: 20 personnel from each side – the Indian Army and the Cambodian Army – focusing on enhancing cooperation for UN peacekeeping operations.
• Objective:
  • Enhancing Trust and Interoperability: CINBAX aims to foster mutual trust, build camaraderie, and improve operational efficiency between the two armies in conducting peacekeeping operations under UN guidelines.
  • Focus Areas: Joint Counter-Terrorism (CT) operations, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), cyber warfare, logistics, casualty management, and disaster relief operations.

• Phases of the Exercise:
  • Phase I: Orientation for Counter-Terrorism operations in the context of UN peacekeeping missions.
  • Phase II: Conduct of tabletop exercises to simulate and plan response scenarios.
  • Phase III: Finalization of plans and review of lessons learned, focusing on operational strategies and tactical decision-making.
• Key Topics Covered:
  • Discussions on setting up a Joint Training Task Force for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance.
  • Exploring cyber warfare, hybrid warfare, and unconventional tactics.
  • Strategies for managing logistics, casualties, and coordination during Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations.
• Promotion of Indigenous Defence Equipment:
  • The exercise will showcase Indian-made weapons and defence equipment, supporting India’s commitment to Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliance in defence production).
  • Objective: To highlight India's advanced military technology and indigenous defence capabilities.
• Significance for India-Cambodia Relations:
  • The exercise strengthens military ties between India and Cambodia, contributing to improved cooperation in regional peacekeeping efforts.
  • CINBAX marks a significant milestone in India-Cambodiadefence collaboration and sets the stage for future joint operations.

India-Cambodia Bilateral Relations

• Historical Context:
  • India and Cambodia share strong religious, cultural, and linguistic ties, with Hindu rituals influencing Cambodian culture and Sanskrit and Khmer sharing common words.
  • Diplomatic relations were established in 1952, even before Cambodia's independence from France.
• Key Developments:
  • 1954: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru visited Cambodia, initiating strong diplomatic ties, particularly during the Non-Aligned Movement.
  • Post-1970s: India played a pivotal role in Cambodia's recovery from the Khmer Rouge regime. India was the first democratic country to recognize the Heng Samrin regime in 1981 and contributed to Cambodia's political reconciliation.
  • 1980s: India facilitated dialogue for the Paris Peace Accord and contributed to the success of UNTAC elections in 1993.
• Strategic and Economic Cooperation:
  • Defence: Enhanced cooperation in defence capacity building, military training, and infrastructure development.
  • Trade: India exports pharmaceuticals, bovine meat, automobiles, and leather products to Cambodia. In return, Cambodia exports organic chemicals, apparel, and footwear to India.
  • Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC): Established in 2000, MGC includes Cambodia and aims to enhance cooperation in sectors like trade, education, tourism, and cultural exchanges.
• Recent Collaboration:
  • India has extended financial assistance for infrastructure projects in Cambodia, especially in restoring and conserving cultural heritage sites like Angkor Wat.
  • MoUs signed in bilateral cooperation, cultural exchanges, and development projects highlight the growing India-Cambodia strategic partnership.

In News:

Government of India and ADB sign $98 million loan to promote plant health management in India’s horticulture.

Key Highlights:

$98 Million Loan Agreement with ADB:

• India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $98 million loan to enhance horticulture productivity and resilience.
• Objective: Improve farmers' access to certified, disease-free planting materials, which will increase crop yield, quality, and climate resilience.
• Focus Areas: The project aligns with India’s Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (CPP), aiming to strengthen plant health management in horticulture.

Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (CPP):

• Implemented under MIDH: The Clean Plant Programme is part of the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH).
• Goal: To provide virus-free, high-quality planting materials to farmers, boosting horticultural crop yields and promoting climate-resilient varieties.
• Implementation Period: 2024-2030, with 50% financial support from ADB.
• Key Components:
  • Establishment of 9 Clean Plant Centers (CPCs) with state-of-the-art diagnostic, therapeutic, and tissue culture laboratories.
  • Certification Framework: Developing a regulatory framework under the Seeds Act 1966 to certify clean plants.
  • Support to Nurseries: Infrastructure development for large-scale nurseries.
• Significance: The programme strengthens India's self-reliance in horticulture and enhances adaptability to climate change impacts.

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH):

• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• Focus: Holistic development of the horticulture sector, including fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, spices, and more.
• Funding Pattern:
  • General States: 60% by Government of India (GoI), 40% by State Governments.
  • North-Eastern and Himalayan States: 90% by GoI.

Horticulture Sector at a Glance:

• Contribution to Agricultural GDP: Accounts for 33% of the gross value.
• Land Coverage: Occupies 18% of agricultural land in India.
• Global Standing: India is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally.
• Surpassing Food Grains: Horticulture production exceeds food grain production, occupying much less land (25.66 million hectares vs. 127.6 million hectares for food grains).

Key Benefits of the CPP:

• Climate Resilience: Promotes climate-resilient plant varieties and helps farmers adapt to climate change.
• Innovation: Encourages the use of advanced testing techniques and builds institutional capacity.
• Long-term Impact: Expected to improve sustainability, productivity, and the economic well-being of farmers.

Additional Horticulture Initiatives:

• CHAMAN (Horticulture Assessment using Geo-informatics): A programme to estimate area and production of horticultural crops using scientific methods.
• Kisan Rail Services: Facilitates transportation of perishable horticultural products like fruits and vegetables.
• Capital Investment Subsidy Scheme: By the National Horticulture Board to support the sector’s growth.

In News:

• It was launched by Dr. Jitendra Singh, the Union Minister of State for Science & Technology, Earth Sciences, PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic Energy, and Space, along with Shri V. Srinivas, the Secretary of the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG).
• This initiative, conceptualized by DARPG, aims to evaluate and rank central Ministries and Departments based on their grievance redressal mechanisms.

Key Aspects of GRAI 2023:

• Objective: GRAI 2023 was designed to provide a comparative assessment of Ministries and Departments based on their grievance redressal systems. It was created based on recommendations from the Parliamentary Standing Committee of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions.
• Assessment Method: The index evaluates 89 Central Ministries and Departments across four dimensions:efficiency, feedback, domain&organisational Commitment
  • It is calculated using data from the Centralised Public Grievance Redressal and Management System (CPGRAMS) from January to December 2023. Ministries are grouped into three categories based on the number of grievances received in 2023:
    • Group A: Ministries/Departments with more than 10,000 grievances (28 Ministries/Departments)
    • Group B: Ministries/Departments with 2,000 to 9,999 grievances (33 Ministries/Departments)
    • Group C: Ministries/Departments with fewer than 2,000 grievances (28 Ministries/Departments)
  • Top Performers:
    • Group A: The Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare topped the rankings.
    • Group B: The Office of the Comptroller & Auditor General of India led.
    • Group C: The Department of Investment & Public Asset Management ranked first.

927945. Analysis: GRAI 2023 includes an in-depth analysis of the root causes of effective grievance redressal for each Ministry/Department, presented in a color-coded, easily understandable format.

1828154726001450500. Advancements: The report outlines a roadmap for improving grievance redressal, emphasizing:
                     • Utilization of advanced technologies such as AI and Machine Learning (ML) for predictive analytics and data analysis.
                     • The introduction of features like IGMS 2.0 and TreeDashboard within CPGRAMS.
                     • Improved training for Grievance Redressal Officers (GROs) and more rigorous audits to increase accountability.
                     • Expansion of CPGRAMS integration to local governments, enhancing the grievance redressal system across all levels of governance.

Commonwealth Secretariat recognized CPGRAMS as a best practice in grievance redressal at its meeting in April 2024.

In News:

• The 13th National Seed Congress (NSC), organized by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare, concluded with significant discussions and outcomes focused on advancing India's seed sector.
• The theme for this year's congress, held in Varanasi, was "Innovating for a Sustainable Seed Ecosystem."

Key Highlights:

• Focus Areas:
  • Seed Technologies and Biofortification: Emphasis on high-nutrition seeds like iron and zinc-enriched rice and Vitamin A-rich crops to combat malnutrition.
  • Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Promoting practices like Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) and the development of stress-tolerant seed varieties to withstand climate change.
• Challenges in India’s Seed Ecosystem:
  • Seed Replacement Rate (SRR): SRR in India is around 15-20%, with 100% for hybrid seeds, pointing to the need for higher adoption of certified seeds.
  • Monoculture and Seed Market Monopoly: Issues like over-reliance on Bt cotton and domination by multinational companies (e.g., Bayer) in seed markets.
• Government Initiatives:
  • National Seed Corporation (NSC): Produces foundation and certified seeds for over 600 varieties.
  • Seed Village Programme (Beej Gram Yojana): Focus on improving the quality of farm-saved seeds.
  • National Seed Reserve: Ensures seed availability during climatic disruptions.
• Policy Discussions:
  • Proposed Seeds Bill: A new bill to regulate seed quality and promote sustainable practices.
  • Public-Private Partnerships: Strengthening collaborations to improve seed production, accessibility, and quality.
• Outcomes:
  • Biofortified Seeds: Increased development and distribution of nutrient-rich seeds.
  • Climate-Resilient Seed Systems: Enhanced focus on developing crops that can withstand climate challenges.
  • Public-Private Partnerships: Strengthening collaborations in seed technology and policy reform.

In News:

• The Ministry of Culture plays a pivotal role in promoting India’s rich cultural heritage across the globe through its Global Engagement Scheme.
• The scheme is designed to enhance India's cultural image internationally while fostering people-to-people connections and strengthening bilateral cultural ties with other nations.
• The scheme has three key components: Festival of India, Grant-in-aid to Indo-Foreign Friendship Cultural Societies, and Contribution Grants.

Key Components of the Global Engagement Scheme:

• Festival of India (FoI):
  • Purpose: The Festival of India is organized abroad to celebrate and promote India's diverse culture. It provides a platform for artists from various cultural fields, including Folk Art (folk music, dance, theatre, puppetry), Classical and Traditional Dance, Classical and Semi-Classical Music, Experimental/Contemporary Dance, and Theatre.
  • Impact: Since 2013-14, 62 Festivals of India have been held in different countries, with over 2,348 artists, including folk artists, participating. These festivals serve as a means to promote Indian folk art, culture, and music internationally.
  • Artist Participation: Folk artists are remunerated with a performance fee of ?35,000 for the leader/main artist and ?7,000 for accompanying artists per performance.
• Grant-in-aid to Indo-Foreign Friendship Cultural Societies:
  • Objective: This scheme supports cultural societies abroad that aim to strengthen cultural exchanges and promote Indian art forms. Grants are provided to these societies to organize various cultural programs and activities, fostering closer cultural ties between India and the host countries.
  • Support to Folk Artists: This scheme also aids in bringing folk art to the global stage, showcasing India's traditional performances.
• Contribution Grant:
  • Objective: The contribution grant is used for India’s membership in international organizations like UNESCO, ICOM, and the World Heritage Fund. This component also facilitates Indian participation in international meetings and helps host global events, further showcasing India’s cultural wealth.

Support for Veteran Artists:

In addition to promoting folk culture globally, the Ministry of Culture supports veteran artists through the Financial Assistance for Veteran Artists scheme. This initiative is aimed at supporting elderly and economically disadvantaged artists (aged 60 and above) who have made significant contributions to their respective art forms, including folk art.

• Financial Support: Artists selected under this scheme receive up to ?6,000 per month, adjusted for any state pension they may already receive.

Regional Contributions:

• The Ministry has empaneled folk artists and groups across India for participation in these international cultural exchanges. For instance, two folk artists/groups and one Kathak artist from Uttarakhand are currently empaneled.
• Notably, a troupe from Uttarakhand participated in the Freedom 70 Cultural Event in Cuba and the Dominican Republic in August 2017, showcasing the diversity of Indian folk art.
• The Financial Assistance for Veteran Artists has also benefitted several artists from Uttarakhand, with four artists from the state receiving support over the past two years.

In News:

• The Union Minister for Women and Child Development launched the “Bal VivahMukt Bharat” campaign aimed at eradicating child marriage in India.
• Goal: Reduce child marriage rates to below 5% by 2029.
• Focus: Engage multiple stakeholders, raise awareness, and leverage technology for eradication.

Target Areas:

• Target States: West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Tripura, Assam, Andhra Pradesh.
• High-Burden Districts: Nearly 300 districts with higher rates of child marriage.

Child Marriage Free Bharat Portal:

• A digital platform to raise awareness, report cases, and track progress on child marriage prevention.
• Real-time tracking by Child Marriage Prohibition Officers (CMPOs).

Monitoring and Accountability:

• Central nodal officers and CMPOs will oversee the campaign’s implementation at state and district levels.
• The portal facilitates citizens’ participation by allowing complaints and providing information on legal remedies.

Progress and Impact:

• Child marriage rates have reduced from 47.4% (2005-06) to 23.3% (2019-21).
• The goal is to reduce these rates further to below 5% by 2029.

Awareness and Community Engagement:

• Public campaigns and community mobilization to challenge societal norms and change attitudes towards child marriage.
• The campaign will continue through various channels, including the BetiBachaoBetiPadhao initiative.

Legal Framework:

• Strengthening the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA), 2006, which sets the legal marriage age at 18 for women and 21 for men.
• Penalties for those involved in child marriage include imprisonment and fines.

Key Challenges for Child Marriage:

• Poverty: Families may view early marriage as a financial relief.
• Cultural Norms: Deep-rooted societal beliefs about preserving family honor.
• Gender Inequality: Patriarchal systems view girls as burdens.
• Lack of Education: Limited access to schooling forces early marriages.
• Fear of Sexual Assault: Misguided belief that early marriage protects girls.
• Weak Law Enforcement: Corruption and inadequate resources hinder the law’s implementation.
• Pandemic Impact: Economic hardships during COVID-19 led to an increase in child marriages.

Related Initiatives:

• Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA), 2006: Strengthens child marriage laws and establishes CMPOs.
• Success Stories: Individuals like BuchaRamanamma, Durga, and Roshni Perween have inspired others by stopping their own child marriages and advocating for change.

Campaign and National Vision:

• The campaign aligns with the Prime Minister’s vision for a Viksit Bharat (Developed India) by 2047.
• It aims to empower women and girls, providing them with opportunities for education, health, and safety.
• Collective effort from the government, social organizations, and citizens is crucial to eliminating child marriage.

In News:

• The Indian Army launched the “Eklavya” online learning platformnmunder the leadership of General Upendra Dwivedi, Chief of the Army Staff (COAS).
• It is part of the Army’s “Decade of Transformation” initiative and aligns with the theme for 2024, “Year of Technology Absorption.”

Platform Development:

• Developed by the Army Training Command (ATC) and sponsored by the Army War College.
• Created at zero cost in collaboration with the Bhaskaracharya National Institute of Space Applications and Geoinformatics (BISAG-N), Gandhinagar.
• Hosted on the Army Data Network with scalable architecture to integrate various training establishments.

Key Features:

• Supports multiple courses from 17Category ‘A’ Training Establishments of the Army.
• Allows student officers to register for several courses simultaneously.
• Aims to decongest physical courses and integrate contemporary, application-focused content.

Categories of Courses:

• Pre-Course Preparatory Capsules: Online study material for physical courses, allowing focus on contemporary topics during offline training.
• Appointment-Specific Courses: Online courses for officers appointed to specialized roles (e.g., information warfare, financial planning, etc.), helping them gain domain-specific expertise before posting.
• Professional Development Suite: Includes courses on strategy, leadership, operational art, finance, emerging technologies, etc., focusing on holistic officer development.

Knowledge Highway:

• A searchable database featuring journals, research papers, and articles to support continuous professional education and development.

Impact:

• Promotes continuous professional military education.
• Enhances the efficiency and specialization of officers, particularly in emerging domains.
• Streamlines training processes and integrates modern technology in the Army’s educational system.

In News:

• The E-Daakhil portal was launched by the Department of Consumer Affairs to promote consumer rights and ensure timely justice.
• The portal was launched nationwide with its final rollout in Ladakh on 22nd November 2024, making it operational across all states and union territories of India.

Background and Purpose:

• Introduced in September 2020, the portal was developed in response to the Consumer Protection Act 2019, which aims to address emerging consumer concerns.
• Aimed at providing a hassle-free, inexpensive, and speedy mechanism for filing consumer complaints, especially post the COVID-19 pandemic.
• E-Daakhil is an online platform that simplifies the grievance redressal process, allowing consumers to file complaints remotely, without the need for physical presence.

Portal Features:

• User-friendly interface: Simple and intuitive, allowing consumers to file and track complaints online.
• Registration process: Users can register through OTP on their mobile or an activation link via email.
• Paperless and transparent: The entire process, from filing complaints to tracking the case status, is digital and transparent.
• Consumers can file complaints, pay fees, and monitor the progress of their cases from the comfort of their homes.

Success and Impact:

• By the end of 2023, E-Daakhil was available in 35 states and union territories; with Ladakh being the latest addition in November 2024.
• Over 2.81 lakh users have registered, and 1.98 lakh cases have been filed, of which 38,453 cases have been disposed of.

Future Developments:

• E-Jagriti: A new initiative that will further streamline the case filing, tracking, and management process, reducing delays and paperwork.
• E-Jagriti aims to improve communication between parties, ensuring faster dispute resolution.

In News:

The BioE3 Policy outlines guidelines and principles for enabling mechanisms for ‘Fostering High Performance Biomanufacturing’ in the country across diverse sectors. 

Key Highlights:

Primary Objective:

• Set a framework for the adoption of advanced technologies and innovative research to promote biomanufacturing in India.
• Focus on enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and quality in biomanufacturing.

Alignment with National Goals:

• Supports India’s vision of Green Growth (Union Budget 2023-24) and Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE), promoting sustainability.
• Aligns with India’s goal of achieving a Net-Zero carbon economy.
• Supports the Biomanufacturing and Biofoundry initiative announced in the Interim Budget 2024-25.

Key Objectives:

• Revolutionize biomanufacturing for better product quality and environmental sustainability.
• Accelerate the development and commercialization of bio-based, high-value products.
• Foster high-performance biomanufacturing across diverse sectors.

Achievements of Indian Bioeconomy (2014-2023):

• Contribution to GDP: Bioeconomy contributes 4.25% to India’s GDP of $3.55 trillion (as of Dec 2023).
• Growth of Bioeconomy: From $10 billion in 2014 to $151 billion in 2023, surpassing 2025 target.
• Increase in Biotech Startups: From 50 startups in 2014 to 8,531 startups in 2023.

Implementation Strategy:

• Establish BioEnablers including Bio-AI Intelligence Hubs, Biofoundries, and Biomanufacturing Hubs across India.
• Bio-AI Intelligence Hubs will support research and innovation using data-driven approaches and AI to develop technologies for bio-based products.
• Biofoundries and Biomanufacturing Hubs will provide infrastructure to scale up bio-based technology for commercial applications.

Focus on Human Resource Development:

• Bio-Enablers will offer training and internships to build a skilled workforce with interdisciplinary and technical skills required for biomanufacturing.

Sectoral Focus Areas:

• Based on consultations, six thematic sectors of national importance have been identified for implementation:
  • Bio-based chemicals and enzymes
  • Functional foods and smart proteins
  • Precision biotherapeutics
  • Climate-resilient agriculture
  • Carbon capture and utilization
  • Futuristic marine and space research
• Sectoral Expert Committees are addressing challenges and gaps identified for each of these sectors.

Government Support:

• The DBT-BIRAC (Department of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council) has called for proposals to establish Biofoundries and Biomanufacturing Hubs in academia and industry.
• These hubs will support innovation and commercialization of biomanufacturing technologies.

In News:

• India reaffirms its commitment to inclusive growth and strengthening its intellectual property (IP) ecosystem.The signing of the treaty comes after nearly two decades of negotiations.

Key Highlights:

Purpose of the DLT:

• Aims to harmonize industrial design protection frameworks across multiple jurisdictions.
• Improves efficiency and accessibility of design registration processes.

Key Features of the DLT:

• Grace Period: A 12-month grace period after the first disclosure of the design, ensuring its validity for registration.
• Flexibility for Applicants: Provides relief measures such as relaxed deadlines, reinstatement of lost rights, and flexibility in adding priority claims.
• Simplified Processes: Includes simplified procedures for design renewals, assignment, and license recording.
• E-Filing Systems: Promotes the adoption of electronic filing systems and exchange of priority documents.

Benefits of DLT:

• Empowering SMEs and Startups: Helps small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startups protect designs globally, enhancing competitiveness and market growth.
• Reduced Administrative Burden: Standardizes procedures, making the design protection process less complex, more predictable, and affordable.
• Support for Developing Countries: Offers technical assistance for implementation in developing and least-developed countries.

Significance for India:

• India’s rich heritage of design and craftsmanship underscores the importance of design protection for sustainable economic growth.
• Design registrations in India have surged, with a 120% increase in domestic filings over the last two years.

Supporting Programs:

• The treaty’s provisions align with India’s initiatives like Startup India and the Startups Intellectual Property Protection (SIPP) Scheme to boost the protection and commercialization of designs for Indian innovators.

Broader Impact:

• DLT aims to integrate design protection with traditional knowledge and cultural expressions, further enhancing protection for India’s diverse creative sectors.

About WIPO:

• The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, is a specialized UN agency established in 1967, promoting IP rights globally.
• India is a member of WIPO, which has 193 member countries.

Overview of Intellectual Property (IP):

• IP includes creations like inventions, industrial designs, literary and artistic works, symbols, and more, which are used in commerce.
• IP rights protect creators, allowing them to benefit from their work when commercially exploited.

In News:

Cabinet approves One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) Scheme.

Key Highlights:

• Objective: It is a new initiative to provide unified access to international scholarly research articles and journals for all government-managed higher education institutions and research institutions in India.
• Scheme Overview:ONOS aims to make nearly 13,000 scholarly journals accessible to over 1.8 crore students, faculty, researchers, and scientists in more than 6,300 institutions across India. These journals will cover all academic disciplines, promoting both core and interdisciplinary research, including in tier 2 and tier 3 cities.
• Digital Platform:The scheme will be implemented through a fully digital process, coordinated by the Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), an autonomous center under the University Grants Commission (UGC). The platform will provide easy access to the journals and facilitate a streamlined subscription process.
• Investment and Coverage:A total of ?6,000 crore has been allocated for ONOS for three years (2025-2027). The scheme will cover major international publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Oxford University Press. It will enable institutions to access 13,000 journals from 30 global publishers.

Benefits of the Scheme:

• Access to Top-Quality Research:ONOS will provide wide access to top-tier scholarly journals, benefiting institutions, researchers, and students across various fields. It will significantly improve the research environment in the country, especially for institutions that previously lacked the resources to access high-impact journals.
• Fostering Research and Development:The initiative aligns with India's vision of becoming an Atmanirbhar and Viksit Bharat by 2047, supporting the government's goals under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF). It will help foster a culture of research and innovation in Indian institutions.
• Inclusivity:The scheme will particularly benefit institutions in smaller towns and rural areas, helping bridge the knowledge gap between urban and rural academic institutions.
• Simplified Access:The scheme eliminates the need for separate subscriptions to individual journals by different institutions, streamlining access to high-quality content through a single platform.

Implementation Details:

• Platform and Process:The ONOS platform will allow institutions to access journals through a unified portal, providing easy and coordinated access. The Department of Higher Education (DHE)will be responsible for conducting awareness campaigns about the initiative, ensuring widespread utilization among students and faculty.
• Review Mechanism:The ANRF will monitor and periodically review the usage of ONOS and track the contributions of Indian authors in the journals, ensuring that the initiative continues to support India’s research landscape.
• Operational Date:The ONOS platform is set to become operational on January 1, 2025, providing comprehensive access to research materials for government-managed higher education and research institutions.

The One Nation One Subscription scheme is a major step towards enhancing India's position in the global research ecosystem. It will provide unparalleled access to scholarly resources, supporting research excellence and innovation across the country.

In News:

The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) declared the winners of the National Gopal Ratna Awards(NGRA); one of the highest National Awards in the field of livestock and dairy sector for the year 2024.

About the National Gopal Ratna Awards (NGRA):

• Purpose:Recognize and encourage individuals, AI technicians, dairy cooperatives, and farmer organizations in the livestock and dairy sector.
• Categories:
  • Best Dairy Farmer (Indigenous Cattle/Buffalo Breeds)
  • Best Artificial Insemination Technician (AIT)
  • Best Dairy Cooperative/Milk Producer Company (MPC)/Dairy Farmer Producer Organization

8915. Addition (2024):Special awards for North Eastern Region (NER) to promote dairy development in the area, with winners in all three categories.
10065061. and Prizes:

• Rs. 5 lakhs for 1st rank, Rs. 3 lakhs for 2nd rank, Rs. 2 lakhs for 3rd rank, and Rs. 2 lakhs for Special NER Award in the categories of Best Dairy Farmer and Best Dairy Cooperative/FPO/MPCs.
• For Best AIT, winners will receive a Certificate of Merit and a memento.

3794461255794. Process:Winners selected from 2,574 applications via an online portal (https://awards.gov.in).

• The livestock sector is crucial for India's economy, contributing significantly to agriculture and providing livelihood, especially for small and marginal farmers, women, and landless laborers.
• Indigenous breeds have immense genetic potential, but their population and performance have been declining. To address this, the Rashtriya Gokul Mission was launched under the National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development in 2014 to conserve and develop indigenous bovine breeds.

National Milk Day

• It is celebrated annually on November 26 in India to honor the significant contributions of milk and the dairy industry to the country's development.
• The day commemorates the birth anniversary of Dr VergheseKurien, the "Father of the White Revolution" in India, who played a pivotal role in transforming India into the largest producer of milk globally.
• National Milk Day was first celebrated on November 26, 2014, after the Indian Dairy Association (IDA), along with various dairy institutions across the country.

In News:

Union Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan launches the third edition of ‘Nayi Chetna – PahalBadlaav Ki’ a month-long national campaign against gender-based violence in New Delhi.

Key Highlights:

• Organized by: Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) under the Ministry of Rural Development.
• Led by: DAY-NRLM’s extensive Self-Help Group (SHG) network.
• Aim of the Campaign: Raise awareness and encourage grassroots-level action to combat gender-based violence.
• Campaign Slogan: “EkSaath, EkAwaaz, HinsaKeKhilaaf” (United Voice Against Violence).
• Approach:

• Adopts a "whole-of-government" approach with collaboration from 9 key ministries:

1. 1. Ministry of Women and Child Development
   2. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
   3. Department of School Education and Literacy
   4. Ministry of Home Affairs
   5. Ministry of Panchayati Raj
   6. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
   7. Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
   8. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
   9. Department of Justice

• Key Objectives:

• Raise awareness about all forms of gender-based violence.
• Mobilize communities to demand accountability and action.
• Facilitate access to timely intervention and support systems.
• Empower local institutions to take action against violence.
• Goals for Nayi Chetna 3.0:

• Generate widespread awareness about gender-based violence.
• Foster collective action at the grassroots level.
• Drive convergence among government ministries and community stakeholders.
• Create a sustainable and informed movement for gender equality and women’s empowerment.

In News:

The 6th ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) Joint Committee and related meetings for discussions on the review of the AITIGA were held recently in Vanijya Bhawan, New Delhi.

Key Highlights:

Key Negotiation Areas

• 8 Sub-Committees under the AITIGA Joint Committee discussed:
  • Market access, rules of origin, SPS measures, standards and technical regulations.
  • Customs procedures, economic and technical cooperation, trade remedies, and legal and institutional provisions.
• 5 Sub-Committees met physically during this round of negotiations.

Progress in Discussions

• Textual Discussions: Sub-Committees made progress in discussions on various provisions.
• Tariff Negotiations: Initial steps towards initiating tariff negotiations were covered.

High-Level Meetings Leading to AITIGA Review

• 21st ASEAN-India Economic Ministers Meeting: Held in September 2024 in Vientiane, Laos.
• 21st ASEAN-India Summit: Held in October 2024 in Vientiane, Laos.

Both meetings urged the Joint Committee to expedite negotiations and aim for the conclusion of the review in 2025.

Bilateral Meetings

• ASEAN delegates held separate bilateral meetings with Thailand and Indonesia to discuss bilateral trade issues.
• Indian and ASEAN Chief Negotiators met to align on the ongoing issues and future steps.

India's Review Demands

• Request for Review: India sought a review of AITIGA (implemented in 2010), citing disproportionate trade benefits favoring ASEAN countries.
• India’s Objectives:
  • Enhanced Market Access: India pushed for ASEAN countries, especially Vietnam, to commit to greater market-opening for Indian goods.
  • Stricter Rules of Origin (ROO): India requested more stringent ROO provisions to prevent Chinese goods from entering India via ASEAN countries at preferential rates.

Trade Relationship and Economic Impact

• Bilateral Trade:
  • Total trade with ASEAN reached USD 121 billion in FY 2023-24.
  • Trade during April-October 2024 was USD 73 billion, marking a 5.2% growth.
• Trade Deficit: India’s trade deficit with ASEAN widened from USD 4.98 billion in FY 2010-11 to USD 38.4 billion in 2023-24.
• ASEAN accounts for 11% of India’s global trade.

Future Outlook

• The next meeting of the AITIGA Joint Committee is scheduled for February 2025 in Jakarta, Indonesia.
• The review process aims to further enhance sustainable trade between India and ASEAN countries.

In News:

Over 1.76 crore school students from all 36 States and UTs participated in Project Veer Gatha 4.0.

Key Highlights:

• Activities: Students submitted poems, paintings, essays, videos, and other creative works in honor of the bravery and sacrifice of Armed Forces personnel.
• Objective: Instituted in 2021, the project aims to spread the inspiring stories of Gallantry Awardees to foster patriotism among students.
• Platform for Creativity: Students engage in creative projects based on the heroic deeds and sacrifices of Gallantry Award winners.
• Previous Editions:
  • Edition 1 (2021): 8 lakh students.
  • Edition 2 (2022): 19.5 lakh students.
  • Edition 3 (2023): 1.36 crore students.
• School-Level Activities: Schools conducted various activities from 16.09.2024 to 31.10.2024, uploading 4 best entries per school to the MyGov portal.
• Awareness Programs: The Ministry of Defence organized virtual and face-to-face awareness sessions across schools.
• Winner Recognition:
  • Past Editions: 25 winners in Editions I and II, and 100 winners in Edition 3.
  • Project 4.0: 100 National winners, each receiving Rs. 10,000.
  • District & State/UT Winners: 4 District-level and 8 State/UT-level winners will be felicitated by respective authorities.
  • Collaborative Initiative: The project is a joint effort of the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Education.

In News:

Researchers have developed a technology for targeted better detection of HIV-genome derived G-Quadruplex (GQ).

Key Features of the GQ-RCP Platform

• Technology: GQ Topology-Targeted Reliable Conformational Polymorphism (GQ-RCP) platform developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).
• Detection Mechanism: Uses a fluorometric test to detect HIV-derived GQ DNA through reverse transcription and amplification.
• Advantage: Increases diagnostic reliability by reducing false positives associated with non-specific DNA probes.
• Process: pH-mediated transition of double-stranded DNA into GQ conformation for targeted detection.
• Flexibility: Initially designed for SARS-CoV-2, now adapted for HIV diagnosis.

About HIV

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells, weakening the body's ability to fight infections.
• Transmission: Spread through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
• AIDS: Without treatment, HIV progresses to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), where the immune system becomes severely damaged.
• Management: No cure; managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which controls viral replication.

Current HIV Situation in India

• Prevalence: As of 2021, ~2.4 million people living with HIV in India, with a 0.22% adult prevalence rate.
• Demographic Distribution: High prevalence among female sex workers (2.61%) and injecting drug users (5.91%). Women represent 39% of HIV-positive population.
• High-Prevalence States: Northeastern states have the highest prevalence (e.g., Mizoram - 2.70%) and southern states (e.g., Andhra Pradesh - 0.67%).

Government Initiatives on HIV

• National AIDS Control Program (NACP): Launched in 1992, aims for prevention, treatment, and care.
  • Phase I (1992-1999): Focus on awareness, blood safety, and surveillance.
  • Phase II (1999-2006): Expanded interventions for high-risk populations.
  • Phase III (2007-2012): Increased targeted interventions and civil society involvement.
  • Phase IV (2012-2021): Focused on integration of HIV services into public health systems.
  • Phase V (2021-2026): Aim to reduce new infections and AIDS-related deaths by 80% by 2026.
• Legislative Framework: The HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Act (2017) ensures the rights of people living with HIV and access to treatment without discrimination.
• International Support: India receives support from UNAIDS, WHO, the World Bank, and foundations like Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

In News:

• Global Soil Conference (GSC) 2024 held in New Delhi.
• Focused on soil health's importance for food security, climate change mitigation, and ecosystem services.

What is the Global Soil Conference 2024?

• Organizers: Indian Society of Soil Science (ISSS) in collaboration with the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS).
• Objective: Address sustainable soil/resource management challenges and foster global dialogue.
• Theme: "Caring Soils Beyond Food Security: Climate Change Mitigation & Ecosystem Services."

Key Highlights of GSC 2024:

• Soil Health Issues:
  • Soil degradation threatens productivity and global food security.
  • 30% of India's soil is compromised by erosion, salinity, pollution, and organic carbon loss.
  • Soil erosion is linked to SDG 15 (Sustainable Development Goal 15), aiming to protect terrestrial ecosystems.
• SDG 15:
  • Goals: Promote sustainable land use, combat desertification, halt land degradation, protect biodiversity.

Concerns Regarding Soil Health in India:

• Soil Degradation:One-third of India's land faces degradation due to poor farming practices.
• Soil Erosion & Fertility Loss:
  • India loses 15.35 tonnes of soil/hectare annually.
  • Results in crop losses, economic damage, and environmental issues like floods and droughts.
• Soil Salinity:Reduces water infiltration, nutrient uptake, and aeration, making land infertile.
• Low Organic Content:
  • Organic carbon in Indian soil is 0.54%, which hampers fertility.
  • Over 70% of soils are affected by acidity or alkalinity, disrupting nutrient cycles.
• Desertification:Reduces soil fertility, increases erosion, and worsens food insecurity.
• Diversion of Fertile Land:Fertile agricultural land is diverted for non-agricultural purposes.

India's Initiatives for Soil Conservation:

• Soil Health Card (SHC) Scheme:Provides farmers with soil nutrient information.
• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana:Focuses on efficient water use.
• Zero Budget Natural Farming & Natural Farming Mission:Promotes sustainable farming practices to protect soil health.

In News:

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully completed the Flight Tests of Guided Pinaka Weapon System.

Key Details of the Flight Tests:

• Conducted as part of Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR) Validation Trials.
• Tests Phases: Flight tests were carried out in three phases at different field firing ranges.
• Parameters Assessed:
  • Ranging (the distance the weapon can accurately target).
  • Accuracy (precision of hits).
  • Consistency (performance over multiple trials).
  • Rate of Fire (ability to fire multiple rockets simultaneously in salvo mode).

Guided Pinaka Weapon System:

• Design and Development:
  • Developed by Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) in association with other DRDO labs and production agencies, including:
    • Research Centre Imarat,
    • Defence Research and Development Laboratory,
    • High Energy Materials Research Laboratory,
    • Proof & Experimental Establishment.
  • Production Agencies: Munitions India Limited, Economic Explosives Limited, Tata Advanced Systems Limited, and Larsen & Toubro.
• Key Features:
  • Pinaka: A multi-barrel rocket launcher system named after Lord Shiva’s bow.
  • Mobility: Highly mobile, providing quick deployment in battlefield scenarios.
  • Firepower: Capable of delivering concentrated firepower on enemy targets.
  • Upgraded Version (Pinaka Mark II):
    • Extended range: 70 to 80 km.
    • Future range targets: 120 km and 300 km.
  • Salvo Mode: Tested for the ability to launch 12 rockets simultaneously.
• Significance:

• Strategic Importance: The successful trials enhance the artillery firepower of the Indian Armed Forces.
• Completion of Pre-requisite Trials: The system has successfully completed all flight trials before its induction into the Indian Army.

In News:

Recently, Prasar Bharati launched its OTT platform WAVES, to cater to India’s increasing demand for digital streaming services. 

Key Features of WAVES OTT Platform:

• Content Offered: A mix of classic content and contemporary programming, catering to various audiences.
• Target Audience: Aimed at Indians and those abroad wishing to stay connected to their Indian roots.
• Languages: Available in 12+ languages, including Hindi, English, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Punjabi, Assamese.
• Genres: Spanning 10+ genres, including infotainment, games, current affairs, and news.
• Free Access: Most content is available free to download and view, with exceptions for premium content.
• Additional Features:
  • Video on demand.
  • Free-to-play gaming.
  • Radio streaming.
  • Live TV streaming with 65 live channels.
  • Online shopping via the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) supported e-commerce platform.

Content Highlights:

• Fauji 2.0: A modern adaptation of the iconic 1980s Shahrukh Khan show, focusing on lives of people who serve and protect India.
• Kakbhushandi Ramayana: An original show on DD National now available on WAVES, based on research of over 350 versions of the Ramayana worldwide. The show aims to provide a new portrayal of the epic, appealing to younger audiences.

Vision for WAVES OTT:

• WAVES aims to revive nostalgia while embracing modern digital trends.
• It serves as an inclusive platform that highlights Indian culture with an international outlook.

In News:

The Ministry of Science and Technologyrecently launched India’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI) data bank that is aimed at propelling innovation and boosting the country’s national securityat the 7th Edition of the ASSOCHAM AI Leadership Meet 2024.

• • The event theme: “AI for India: Advancing India’s AI Development – Innovation, Ethics, and Governance”.

Key Highlights:

• Objective:
  • Propel innovation and enhance national security.
  • Provide access to diverse, high-quality datasets for creating scalable and inclusive AI solutions.
• Key Features of the AI Data Bank:
  • Target Audience: Researchers, startups, and developers.
  • Data Types: Satellite, drone, and IoT data.
  • Purpose:
    • To enhance national security through real-time analytics.
    • Enable predictive analytics for disaster management and cybersecurity.

Strategic Importance of AI in India:

• National Security: AI to strengthen national security by providing real-time analytics from satellite, drone, and IoT data.
• AI for Development:
  • AI’s role in reshaping sectors like governance, business, healthcare, education, and space exploration.
  • AI as a tool for economic growth, addressing climate change, improving public service delivery, and ensuring national security.
• Ethics and Governance:
  • Ensuring responsible AI use with optimal handling.
  • Addressing algorithmic bias and data privacy through robust governance frameworks.
  • Commitment to transparent and fair AI systems that empower people rather than replace them.
• AI in Disaster Management and Cybersecurity:
  • Aligning with India’s goals to use AI for predictive analytics in disaster management.
  • Enhancing cybersecurity through AI technologies.

Government’s Vision on AI:

• Empowering Citizens: AI must bridge divides and ensure equitable access to its benefits.
• AI as Backbone for Future Development: India’s focus on making AI an integral part of its future economic and technological growth.

In News:

• Daniel Barenboim (Classical Pianist and Conductor) and Ali Abu Awwad (Palestinian Peace Activist) were jointly awarded the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development for 2023.
  • Daniel Barenboim was recognized for fostering peace through musical and cultural dialogue initiatives.
  • Ali Abu Awwad was honored for his advocacy of peace through dialogue via his organization Roots, which he founded after serving time in Israeli prison.

Significance of the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize:

• The award is given to individuals or organizations who have made outstanding contributions to international peace, disarmament, and development.
• It includes a monetary award of ?25 lakh and a citation.

About the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize:

• Established: 1986 by the Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust in memory of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
• Objective: To honor sustained efforts towards international peace, the development of humanity, and the promotion of disarmament.
• Past recipients: Includes prominent figures and organizations such as Mikhail Gorbachev, UNICEF, Jimmy Carter, Angela Merkel, ISRO, and Sir David Attenborough.

2022 Awardees:

• The Indira Gandhi Peace Prize for 2022 was awarded to the Indian Medical Association and the Trained Nurses Association of India, in recognition of their contribution as COVID-19 warriors.

Key Takeaways:

• The Indira Gandhi Peace Prize is regarded as one of the most prestigious awards for promoting peace, disarmament, and development worldwide.
• Daniel Barenboim's musical initiatives and Ali Abu Awwad's work through dialogue exemplify efforts to bridge divides and promote peaceful resolutions to conflict.

In News:

Coal India Limited (CIL) under the aegis of the Ministry of Coal, has been conferred with the esteemed Green World Environment Award in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) category along with the distinguished tile of Green World Ambassador.

Key Highlights:

• Reason for the Award:

• The award was granted to CIL for its Thalassemia Bal SewaYojna, a CSR initiative aimed at providing permanent curative treatment for Thalassemia through Bone Marrow Transplants (BMT).
• The scheme provides financial assistance of up to ?10 lakh for BMT and has helped over 600 Thalassemia patients across India.

• Background of the Award:

• The Green Organization, an independent, non-political, non-profit environmental group, conferred the award.
• The organization has been recognizing and promoting environmental best practices and CSR initiatives globally since its establishment in 1994.

• CIL’s Role in CSR:

• CIL has been a pioneer in CSR, with its Thalassemia Bal SewaYojna being the first of its kind among public sector undertakings in India.
• The initiative partners with 17 prominent hospitals across India to provide stem cell transplants for Thalassemia patients.

• CIL’s Contribution to India's Energy Sector:

• CIL is responsible for producing over 80% of India's coal and contributes to 70% of the total coal-based power generation in the country.
• CIL accounts for 55% of India’s total power generation and meets 40% of the primary commercial energy requirements.

• Environmental Initiatives by CIL:

• CIL has adopted various measures to improve environmental sustainability, including:
• Expanding green cover over mined areas.
• Creating eco-parks and tourism spots.
• Providing mine water for domestic and agricultural use to surrounding villages.

• About Coal India Limited (CIL):

• Established: November 1975.
• Headquarters: Kolkata.
• Status: A Maharatna company and the largest coal-producing company in the world.
• Subsidiaries: CIL has seven producing subsidiaries and is a major corporate employer in India.

• About the Green Organization:

• Founded: 1994.
• Nature: Independent, non-political, non-profit organization.
• Objective: To recognize, reward, and promote environmental and CSR best practices worldwide.
• Initiatives: The Green World Awards are part of global efforts to encourage sustainability and corporate social responsibility.

• Significance of the Award:

• The Green World Environment Award highlights CIL’s commitment to social responsibility and environmental sustainability while maintaining its core role as an energy provider.
• The recognition underscores CIL’s leadership in integrating CSR initiatives with corporate operations to contribute to national development.

In News:

• Minister of Jal Shakti, digitally launched the “Bhu-Neer” portal during the India Water Week 2024.
• Developed by the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, in collaboration with the National Informatics Centre (NIC).

Key Highlights:

• Purpose of the Portal:

• Centralized platform for managing and regulating groundwater resources across India.
• Aims to ensure transparency, efficiency, and sustainability in groundwater usage, facilitating easier access to groundwater withdrawal permits.

Key Features:

• User-Friendly Interface: Simplified interface to streamline the application process for groundwater withdrawal.
• PAN-Based Single ID System: Allows seamless user registration, providing a unique identification for all stakeholders.
• NOC with QR Code: Enables verifiable and trackable compliance documents, ensuring authenticity.
• Improved Version: An enhanced version compared to the previous NOCAP system, with improved efficiency and features.
• Streamlined Process Flow: Simplifies the process for obtaining groundwater withdrawal permits.

Goals and Benefits:

• Promotes the sustainable use of groundwater and ensures compliance with legal frameworks at state and national levels.
• Supports Ease of Doing Business: Aligns with the Prime Minister’s vision by making the groundwater regulation process seamless and faceless, reducing bureaucratic delays.