1. With reference to the Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System (MHEW-DSS), which of the following statements is correct?

• It is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Home Affairs to streamline disaster response.
• The system utilizes less than 50% of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model inputs.
• It has increased the forecast lead time for weather events from 5 days to 7 days.
• The system is primarily based on proprietary software licensed from foreign vendors.

2. The phenomenon of 'Earthquake Lights' (EQL) is most commonly associated with which geological setting?

• Deep-sea trenches in subduction zones.
• Rift zones with straight, vertical faults.
• Active volcanic calderas during magma eruption.
• Stable continental cratons with no tectonic activity.

3. Regarding the E20 Petrol mandate in India, which of the following is correct as of April 2026?

• E20 petrol has a lower Research Octane Number (RON) than regular petrol.
• The target year for nationwide E20 rollout was advanced from 2030 to 2025.
• Ethanol used in E20 is a 2G biofuel derived solely from lignocellulosic biomass.
• Vehicles manufactured before 2023 are completely incompatible with E20 fuel.

4. Which of the following describes a key advantage of the Qdenga (TAK-003) vaccine over previous dengue vaccines like Dengvaxia?

• It provides 100% protection against all four dengue serotypes.
• It is an indigenous vaccine developed by the ICMR and Panacea Biotec.
• It is a transmission-blocking vaccine that prevents mosquitoes from spreading the virus.
• It does not require pre-vaccination screening for prior dengue infection.

5. With reference to Piped Natural Gas (PNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), which statement is correct?

• PNG is primarily composed of propane and butane.
• LPG is lighter than air and disperses quickly in case of a leak.
• The Krishna-Godavari (KG) Basin is a major domestic source of PNG in India.
• LPG is distributed at low pressure through a reticulated pipeline network.