1. With reference to Pharmacogenomics, consider the following statements:

1. It studies how genetic variations influence an individual’s response to drugs.
2. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of a majority of commonly prescribed medicines.
3. Ultrarapid metabolisers are at a higher risk of drug toxicity even at standard doses.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• 1 and 2 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1 and 3 only
• 1, 2 and 3

2. The ‘Belém Package’, adopted at COP30, is best described as:

• A legally binding treaty mandating fossil fuel phase-out
• A set of implementation-focused decisions without new binding targets
• A finance-only agreement for developing countries
• A revised version of the Paris Agreement

3. Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs) are best characterised by:

• Minimal processing and high nutritional value
• Industrial formulations containing additives not used in home kitchens
• Foods preserved only by fermentation and drying
• Foods produced exclusively for export markets

4. With reference to Articles 200 and 201 of the Constitution, consider the following statements:

1. A Governor may indefinitely withhold assent to a State Bill.
2. Courts can review the merits of a Governor’s decision to withhold assent.
3. Judicial review is permissible in cases of prolonged and unexplained inaction.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 only
• 3 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1 and 3 only

5. ‘Sagar Kavach’ is best described as:

• A naval war-fighting exercise
• A tri-service border management drill
• A biannual multi-agency coastal security exercise
• An international maritime trade exercise