1. Consider the following infections:

1. HIV
2. Syphilis
3. Hepatitis-B

The Maldives recently became the first country globally to eliminate mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of which of the above?

• 1 and 2 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1, 2 and 3
• 1 only

2. Mount Taftan, recently in news, is located in which region?

• Eastern Turkey
• Southeastern Iran
• Armenia-Iran border
• Afghanistan-Pakistan border

3. The Public Trust Doctrine, recently upheld by the Supreme Court, implies which of the following?

1. The State is trustee of natural resources
2. Only natural water bodies are covered
3. Man-made water bodies serving ecological function are protected
4. Originates from Roman law concept res communes

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• 1 and 2 only
• 1, 3 and 4 only
• 2, 3 and 4 only
• 1, 2, 3 and 4

4. The Scheme for Innovation & Technology Association with Aadhaar (SITAA) has been launched primarily to:

• Expand Aadhaar coverage to foreign nationals
• Replace existing UID authentication system
• Privately commercialize Aadhaar technology
• Develop advanced AI-based biometric security and prevent spoofing/deepfakes

5. Which observation technique led to discovery of rings around Chiron?

• Hubble direct imaging
• Spectral radio mapping
• Stellar occultation
• Laser interferometry