1. With reference to the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) climate forecast for 2025–2029, consider the following statements:

1. Every year from 2025 to 2029 is projected to remain below 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels.
2. The forecast suggests a 70% chance that the five-year average temperature (2025–2029) will exceed 1.5°C.
3. Arctic winters are warming at a rate slower than the global average.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 only
• 2 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1 and 3 only

2. Consider the following statements regarding India’s first gene-edited sheep:

1. The gene-editing was achieved using CRISPR-Cas9 technology without inserting foreign DNA.
2. The edited sheep are classified as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) under Indian law.
3. The targeted gene regulates muscle growth, leading to increased meat yield.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 and 3 only
• 2 only
• 1 and 2 only
• 1, 2 and 3

3. Which of the following statements best describes the ecological significance of Pedicularis rajeshiana, recently discovered in Himachal Pradesh?

• It is a fully autotrophic plant species endemic to tropical forests.
• It is a hemiparasitic high-altitude plant with unique floral features aiding pollination.
• It is a leguminous plant that improves nitrogen content in alpine soils.
• It is a xerophytic plant adapted to desert habitats with CAM photosynthesis.

4. Consider the following statements about stromatolites:

1. They are formed through the activity of cyanobacteria and provide evidence of early photosynthetic life.
2. The recent discovery in Chambaghat, Himachal Pradesh, dates back to the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary.
3. The presence of stromatolites in the Himalayas provides evidence of the breakup of Gondwana and expansion of the Tethys Sea.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• 1 and 2 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1 and 3 only
• 1, 2 and 3

5. With reference to India's role in UN peacekeeping missions, consider the following statements:

1. The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is awarded posthumously to peacekeepers who die while serving under UN command.
2. India has never received the UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award.
3. The Captain Mbaye Diagne Medal is awarded to peacekeepers for promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 only
• 1 and 3 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1, 2 and 3