1. Which of the following best describes the Reverse Osmosis (RO) process used in seawater desalination?

• Water is evaporated and then condensed to remove salts.
• Water naturally moves from a high solute concentration to low solute concentration across a membrane.
• External pressure is applied to force water through a semi-permeable membrane, filtering out salts.
• Water is chemically treated to precipitate salts before filtration.

2. The recent chromosome-level genome assembly of the Indian yak primarily benefits:

• Development of genetically modified crops for high-altitude farming.
• Conservation and targeted breeding for traits like cold tolerance and disease resistance.
• Creation of synthetic yak meat for commercial consumption.
• Establishing new trade routes in the Himalayan region.

3. The Golden Dragon military exercise is conducted between which two countries, and what is its strategic significance?

• India and China; enhancing border security cooperation.
• Cambodia and China; deepening military ties and showcasing AI-driven warfare capabilities in Southeast Asia.
• China and Vietnam; resolving maritime disputes in the South China Sea.
• Cambodia and the United States; countering Chinese influence in the Indo-Pacific.

4. The IMF’s Extended Fund Facility (EFF) primarily aims to:

• Provide immediate humanitarian aid to countries facing natural disasters.
• Support countries facing medium-term balance of payments problems caused by structural weaknesses through loans with extended repayment.
• Grant unconditional cash transfers to low-income countries.
• Facilitate bilateral trade agreements between IMF member countries.

5. Operation Keller, launched in May 2025 in Jammu & Kashmir, aimed to:

• Conduct counter-insurgency operations against Naxal groups in central India.
• Eliminate terrorists affiliated with The Resistance Front linked to the April 2025 Pahalgam terror attack.
• Rescue hostages in the Kashmir Valley.
• Secure the LoC against infiltration from across the border.