1. The recent genome mapping of the Saola (Pseudoryxnghetinhensis) is significant because:

• It confirms that the species is more closely related to deer than cattle
• It suggests that Saola populations never experienced genetic divergence
• It provides a basis for targeted conservation via genetic rescue and captive breeding
• It reveals that Saola is no longer critically endangered

2. Why is India critical of the UK's proposed Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

• It supports free market principles and opposes all climate-related tariffs
• CBAM contravenes the Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) principle
• India does not export to the UK in carbon-intensive sectors
• India’s carbon emissions are higher than those of the UK

3. The HAROP is best described as:

• A long-range intercontinental missile
• A drone interceptor
• A tactical radar jammer
• A fire-and-forget loitering munition

4. The Kosmos 482 mission failed primarily because:

• The spacecraft missed its Venus trajectory due to launch timer failure
• It burned up during launch
• It collided with another satellite
• Its navigation system directed it to Mars instead of Venus

5. The SCALP missile enhances India’s strike capabilities because:

• It can be launched from submarines
• It is supersonic and radar-detectable
• It is a subsonic cruise missile with precision deep-strike capabilities
• It is designed only for air-to-air combat