1. With reference to the non-thermal filament G359.13-0.20005, recently seen in the news, consider the following statements:

1. It emits primarily in visible light due to strong magnetic field interactions.
2. The fracture in the filament is believed to be caused by a nearby high-velocity pulsar.
3. G359.13 is located in the outer region of the Milky Way galaxy.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 and 2 only
• 2 only
• 1 and 3 only
• All of the above

2. Shear-wave splitting, recently used to study Mount Ontake in Japan, is most relevant for:

• Measuring crustal thickness beneath tectonic plates
• Early detection of tsunami generation
• Predicting aftershocks following large earthquakes
• Monitoring internal stress and crack orientation in volcanic regions

3. Why is the recent discovery of a Neanderthal-made spear tip in the North Caucasus region archaeologically significant?

• It proves Neanderthals migrated from Africa earlier than Homo sapiens.
• It is the first evidence of Neanderthals using bronze tools.
• It is the oldest known spear tip in Europe, predating modern human presence.
• It shows that Neanderthals domesticated animals much earlier than previously known.

4. With reference to India’s newly launched genome-edited rice varieties—DRR Dhan 100 and Pusa DST Rice 1—consider the following statements:

1. Both were developed using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique.
2. These varieties contain inserted foreign DNA for drought resistance.
3. Genome-edited crops like these are currently banned in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 only
• 3 only
• 1 and 3 only
• None

5. Which of the following statements about the Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) 2025 is/are correct?

1. It is the first edition hosted in Bihar.
2. Esports has been included as an official medal event.
3. Winners of KIYG are eligible for scholarships for professional sports training.

Select the correct answer using the code below:

• 1 and 2 only
• 1 and 3 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1, 2 and 3