01 May, 2025

1. With reference to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), consider the following statements:

  1. BCIs establish a two-way communication between the brain and external devices.
  2. Machine learning is used in BCI systems to decode and adapt to neural signal variations.
  3. BCIs require direct electrical stimulation of the brain to function effectively.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

2. With reference to the evolution and reform of India's arbitration ecosystem, consider the following statements:

  1. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 was based on the UNCITRAL Model Law.
  2. The Arbitration Council of India (ACI) is headed by the Chief Justice of India.
  3. Institutional arbitration is being promoted over ad hoc arbitration through recent policy reforms.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

3. Consider the following with respect to the USTR Special 301 Report:

  1. It is published annually by the United Nations to evaluate global IPR enforcement.
  2. India has been consistently placed under the Priority Watch List in recent years.
  3. The “Priority Foreign Country” designation under the report can lead to trade sanctions by the United States.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

4. Which of the following are contributing factors to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect?

  1. Use of impervious materials like asphalt and concrete
  2. Increase in vegetation and green spaces
  3. Dense urban construction and reduced airflow
  4. Air pollution and black carbon deposition

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

5. With reference to WAVES 2025 and the WAM! initiative, consider the following statements:

  1. WAM! is India’s first national initiative focused on developing indigenous IPs in anime and manga.
  2. Winners of WAM! will represent India at Anime Japan 2026.
  3. WAVES 2025 is organized by the Ministry of Culture.

Which of the statements given above are correct?