1. The erosion of Sagar Island has been accelerated due to which of the following?

1. Removal of natural sand dunes
2. Cyclonic activity
3. Expansion of pilgrimage infrastructure
4. Large-scale mangrove plantations

Select the correct answer using the code below:

• 2 and 3 only
• 1, 2 and 3 only
• 1 and 4 only
• All of the above

2. Which of the following provisions were specifically removed or updated in the Income-tax Bill, 2025?

1. The definition of "property" now includes cryptocurrencies.
2. The capital gain exemption under Section 54E (for transfers before April 1992) is scrapped.
3. The Bill introduces new provisions for tax exemptions for virtual digital assets (VDAs).

Select the correct answer using the code below:

• 1 and 2 only
• 1 and 3 only
• 2 and 3 only
• All of the above

3. The Devolution Index Report, 2024, released by the Union Minister of State, assesses which of the following?

1. The extent of autonomy and empowerment of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) across Indian States and Union Territories (UTs).
2. The quality of urban governance in Indian cities.
3. The financial autonomy of State governments in India.
4. The devolution of powers to urban local bodies.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• 1 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1 and 4 only
• All of the above

4. According to Article 356, what is the prerequisite for the imposition of President’s Rule in a state?

• The approval of the Union Cabinet
• A report by the Governor indicating the breakdown of the constitutional machinery
• A resolution passed by the State Legislative Assembly
• A judicial order by the Supreme Court

5. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), what temperature is required for a heatwave to be declared in the plains of India?

• 35°C
• 40°C
• 45°C
• 50°C